（6）综合疑难攻略——2021-2022学年九年级下册化学人教版金属材料专题速练
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>分类是学习化学常用的方法。下列物质分类不正确的是( )<br>A.氧化物:冰、干冰 B.混合物:空气、石灰水<br>C.单质:液氧、水银 D.化合物:铝合金、氧化铁<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/11271a47e0504d0da85d8066df9837b1/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/b1c1bca5033444ac892a92a3f3d741cc/FDFA58C486D1D5B4AD545BA9C6F4FE38.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列化学方程式书写正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/9B5AB077DF49AD49DBEC24FB41DE0C36.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/791B2534E46527D77E7704312076CB58.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/BDAA7DB1C39AD0B73CBF4EA2210AE6E5.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/92C5492C364ADA0609CABA5A680D9FE6.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/e91ac58397774262a9b7760bf69be6d8/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/ca8a7cf7904d4413ac8c15df0c355610/FA07547906B2B5711E4B99D6EDD221A3.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>取一定质量的锌粒和铜片于同一敞口容器中,再逐渐加入稀硫酸。加入稀硫酸的质量与有关量的变化关系图正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/60434BA61D8A914C4D799CBDE894F1C3.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/C17AD508599E3A869D2346E5DB054789.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/73EDB2975AAFF044244474E26BEBAB1C.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/F3B8EC87FDD68509819A31ECAB878CA2.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/4cca101e85824075ad65c96aacad79e2/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/1e14e684e481443fa2655106b7de8269/AA28B723A451ABD4891C0EE9FADFBFC4.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>将质量相等的Mg、Al、Zn三种金属分别放入质量和浓度均相等的三份稀硫酸中,反应结束后,生成氢气的质量关系不可能的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/62B0D16D958E575F5A2F2ECAA3FE319C.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/68F6CBC9962CCC8B36F58587F3FCC9F3.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/06029C8E48A75767CF49FCCA89ACB958.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/0FA4E04B9D781528D71E674D24DA88BC.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/c0d4e19882ac4d859091cf256b13fbe5/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/88888bec242d43689e309a4090ae8a98/1043971962706318CF55116B84863844.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>两个烧杯中装有等质量的金属锌和镁,然后分别逐渐加入同浓度的稀硫酸,产生氢气的质量与加入硫酸的质量关系如图所示。下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/9D58CC3EAF76B83EC023DF1BF88A85A3.png"><br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/65F7AF37B8A9A12B28388B5EDA6AF543.png"><br>点时,两个烧杯中的酸都恰好完全反应<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/4DA26EED0AB741610666D2151B1CA122.png"><br>点时,两个烧杯中产生氢气的质量相同<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/3871E110A32740E9CDF620291C82F5E8.png"><br>点时,两个烧杯中都有金属剩余<br>D.该图反映出镁比锌的金属活动性强<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/860b0143aa3342c4955a89ac339eeb70/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/d7c4e4e97fb748b49e38e7b09a8f04c5/C58DE17872CD74ED6E6D5C405CD68CDA.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某化学兴趣小组用以下装置探究炼铁原理,关于该装置和反应过程描述错误的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/F045B5A62BADAD9276A451B6ECAD3E96.png"><br>A.盛装药品前应先检查装置气密性<br>B.加热前要先通CO,加热后装置B中出现浑浊<br>C.已知方框中连接的是C和D,导管口的连接顺序为a→b→c→d<br>D.这种方法“炼”出的铁与工业上炼出的生铁在组成上最大的区别是不含碳<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/9b5ced13e1e54a3ebc4cfcbf0630eb86/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/e0d18adfc91b416c98dc07fbb2413260/064322B2E2A05140DF1235A9EDCB2124.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>根据探究铁钉锈蚀条件的实验装置图,判断下列说法不正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/F301A7D7F1D8D4F2986AF037E7CF7FD5.png"><br>A.①中甲、乙、丙三处中生锈的是乙处<br>B.②中植物油的作用是隔绝氧气<br>C.③中氯化钙的作用是吸水<br>D.对比实验①②③可得出结论:铁生锈的条件是与氧气、水直接接触<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/ab93d9026aca4e97bab845f19534a34d/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/451e42d264cd46c3aae61f3e32e4880e/5EDDF2543B1144B56E6EDC4EE3DDDBF8.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>为了从含有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/CB1375B49EDC1DCF398BB198ACAF43CB.png"><br>的工业废水中回收Cu和硫酸亚铁晶体,某学习小组设计并完成了以下实验。下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/1D4766A667AF8E8CC91EA2D9048D5EC0.png"><br>A.固体X中只含有Cu<br>B.试剂B是稀硫酸<br>C.溶液Z中的溶质为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/082D80F44856B737F86B78C92EC26F4C.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/53DCB02F2927495D25664D94F91F97E6.png"><br>D.操作Ⅰ用到的玻璃仪器只有烧杯和玻璃棒<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/2d3b4511b5be4acf8e1051c9a1223058/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/6cd0956ede07474c8b88cdae7bdccb72/200FA6969003311316E5F18AD698194C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>已知镁和铝的相对原子质量之比为8:9.若镁和铝分别与足量盐酸反应,生成氢气的质量相等,则参加反应的镁和铝的质量比为( )<br>A.3:2 B.4:3 C.1:1 D.1:2<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/db107f831bb14d35add66812d52cd394/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/cb28889ec9ae461bb0540176dbf19cc1/AE26559D397BE6F0A53ABEF025E06773.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>久置的铜制品表面能生成绿色的铜锈<br>[<br>主要成分为<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/53EF1AB03C3F0B44563A5701F8F83E14.png"><br>]<br>,某化学兴趣小组对铜生锈的条件进行了以下探究。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/88B48ACC86E72ADCECF1C87FC6D6392A.png"><br>【提出猜想】根据铜锈的组成元素推测,铜生锈可能是铜与空气中的二氧化碳、水等物质反应的结果。<br>【实验设计】<br>该兴趣<br>小组取打磨光亮的铜丝,设计了如图所示的四个实验。<br>【现象分析】若干天后,发现只有<br>D<br>瓶中的铜丝出现绿色的铜锈,其他瓶中的铜丝均无铜锈出现。<br>(<br>)实验<br>B<br>、<br>C<br>瓶中所使用的蒸馏水是经煮沸后迅速冷却的蒸馏水,其目的是<br>_<br>_____________<br>(<br>)对比<br>C<br>瓶与<br>D<br>瓶中的现象,可以得出的结论是<br>_<br>_____________<br>【实验结论】由上述四个实验可分析得出,铜生锈是铜与空气中的<br>_<br>__________<br>共同作用的结果。<br>【拓展探究】以锈蚀严重的废铜屑为原料,回收制取纯铜。<br>查阅资料:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/C5C16C09B27AB57490C46EB0970FD33C.png"><br>;<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/C5A94520F76EA9121FBB8ABD9136C2DA.png"><br>如图是<br>该兴趣<br>小组设计的两种回收铜的实验方案:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/7/162006B2400104889360925B22EE7B6A.png"><br>【分析评价】<br>(<br>)步骤Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ都需要进行的实验操作是<br>_<br>_____________<br>(<br>)步骤Ⅱ过程中发生反应的化学方程式为<br>_<br>_____________<br>,此实验开始时要先<br>通一段<br>时间<br>CO<br>再加热,目的是<br>_<br>_____________<br>(<br>)以上两种方案中,方案二优越于方案<br>一<br>,从环保角度分析其理由:<br>_<br>_____________<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/cb8b5bfafbef4249959c79ca5425beb1/4285E551BBACC02ADA7D97861D4D9878.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/4af21c93ca97463085c450feecdc2492/82BE3950E34F7BC3C5051B26F275F23F.png"><br><br>
页:
[1]