（5）物质的鉴别与提纯——2021-2022学年九年级下册化学人教版难点精练小专题
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>只用水这一种试剂不能将下列各组固体物质鉴别出来的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/3/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>和NH4NO3<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/3/0125C0E265985712A3A9CAA2643B9043.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/3/1CFF43809F6C2D79C36F586035418A0A.png"><br>C.NaOH和NaCl<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/3/DB543F7C7B8DD31CCF64ED52FA460DAF.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/3/A6943099ECA63A02935F1505C92DC873.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/25984ea018fa408b8e5889890f9c3f11/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>一瓶含有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/31/56763B59D0D6F0B67D1F9B90E3FE3DE1.png"><br>的溶液,现仅用一份样品溶液,选用下列提供的试剂与操作,逐一检验出其中的三种阴离子,正确的顺序是( )<br>①过滤②滴加足量<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/31/8A763D71E086C83FA2DCFA8805132E5B.png"><br>溶液③滴加足量<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/31/C9D3C98A8F66E319CAA3420AB77C7052.png"><br>溶液④滴加足量<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/31/9D994E1CCEC30EE70B9977A736A94A61.png"><br>溶液A.②①③①④ B.②①④①③ C.③①④①② D.④①③①②<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f9386f431c904751b61e4d1795d17e98/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列试剂中,能把稀硫酸、KOH溶液、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/CB7E7C4BEEFBEBF27159F2B985D9C3A2.png"><br>溶液一次性鉴别出来的是( )<br>A.KCl溶液<br>B.稀盐酸<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/CB7E7C4BEEFBEBF27159F2B985D9C3A2.png"><br>溶液<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/A6943099ECA63A02935F1505C92DC873.png"><br>溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/fa756698fa4a44dc849c351c7081b2b3/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>能一次鉴别出空气、氧气、二氧化碳三瓶气体的正确方法是( )<br>A.分别加入适量澄清石灰水<br>B.将带火星的木条分别伸入瓶中<br>C.将燃着的木条分别伸入瓶中<br>D.分别加入蒸馏水<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/8432308464ea4564b74064b3b9ec8b1a/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/8ce5d7e4e07c490193f3ba1c6a2c0482/4A0165D29EFCD240FDBD1E182B2862E6.png"><br><br>※题型：多选题※知识点：多选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列实验方案设计正确的是( )<br><tbody><br>选项<br>实验目的<br>实验方案<br>A<br>鉴别氮气和二氧化碳<br>将燃着的木条分别伸入集气瓶中,使木条熄灭的是二氧化碳<br>B<br>除去稀盐酸中混有的少量硫酸<br>加入适量的硝酸钡溶液,过滤<br>C<br>检验氢氧化钠溶液中是否含有少量的氢氧化钙<br>取少量溶液加入适量碳酸钠溶液,观察是否有沉淀生成<br>D<br>分离碳酸钠和氯化钠的混合物<br>加入过量氯化钙溶液,过滤,蒸发<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/54023227c0384be18430cea3bef68dcc/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>区分是利用物质形式的不同对物质区分的一种方法,下列实验方案不合理的是( )<br><tbody><br>目的<br>实验操作<br>A<br>区分软水与硬水<br>取等量硬水、软水,分别滴加等量的肥皂水,振荡<br>B<br>区分稀硫酸与氢氧化钠<br>分别用玻璃棒蘸取溶液,滴在pH试纸上<br>C<br>区分羊毛与涤纶<br>分别取样,灼烧<br>D<br>区分<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/FFADA5F19AA4D4614F9C6B59C27E9FFB.png"><br>两种气体<br>分别向盛有气体的集气瓶中伸入燃着木条<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/4dd51ee7f1e94ecdb9dd690ff89b144d/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>列鉴别两种不同物质的方法,错误的是( )<br>A.棉线与羊毛线一一取样,分别灼烧,闻气味<br>B.硬水和软水一一加肥皂水振荡,观察产生泡沫、浮渣的多少<br>C.浓盐酸和浓硫酸一一打开试剂瓶瓶塞,观察瓶口是否有白烟产生<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/571745824385325B9CFE8434F9FC8475.png"><br>和NaCl固体一一加水溶解,根据溶解前后的温度变化来判断<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/09bc9ecb5c6f4ef09bc811f6930f7308/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>检验、鉴别、除杂与分离是研究及获得物质的重要方法。下列实验方案不合理的是( )<br><tbody><br>选项<br>实验目的<br>实验方案<br>A<br>检验铵态氮肥<br>加熟石灰研磨,闻气味<br>B<br>鉴别CuO和C<br>观察颜色<br>C<br>除去<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/4/FFADA5F19AA4D4614F9C6B59C27E9FFB.png"><br>中混有的少量<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/4/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>通过灼热铜网<br>D<br>分离<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/4/19DB00263A67B64F8C686CD794139E8F.png"><br>和KCl<br>用水溶解、过滤、蒸发、烘干<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/76e9cb5e43304c6a85cb85c139c937de/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>除去下列括号内的余质,所选用的试剂错误的是( )<br>A.CaO(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/C33BDE800D867632B103C25FB2DA0A2F.png"><br>):足量稀盐酸<br>B.Fe(Zn):足量硫酸亚铁溶液<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/19DB00263A67B64F8C686CD794139E8F.png"><br>(KCl):足量水<br>D.NaCl(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/8/2/0C7901C77903E8BAF76E821F809A46C4.png"><br>):适量氢氧化钠溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/287a86aef39a4df59530059fb5c785c8/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：多选题※知识点：多选题※试题难度：中等<br>分离与提纯是获得物质的重要方法。下列实验设计能达到实验目的的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/28/32D6547327598A745043EB08551D4EE9.png"><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/458a5522d4b74d18a779d11046478e6b/4D602B79606E3B65829E8D0313A702E6.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>
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