2022届新高考化学一轮复习“学与思”(易错八)——化学反应速率
※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>下列关于反应速率的说法中,不正确的是( )<br>A.反应速率用于衡量化学反应进行的快慢<br>B.决定反应速率的主要因素有浓度、压强、温度和催化剂<br>C.可逆反应达到化学平衡时,正、逆反应的速率都不为0<br>D.增大反应物浓度、提高反应温度都能增大反应速率<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/5/2017/6240a69b80934909a6298a11dafd05c3/4EF59C4461E28F3B3B09551EB8B9AC3F.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/5/2017/25119cb4550b47fdbbd32ea51e049fb0/D11B89C3CE214EADA9D2624180C358C9.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>一定温度下,在2L恒容密闭容器内某一反应中,M、N的物质的量随反应时间变化的曲线如图,下列表述正确的是( )<img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/1/36954A1AC8F1761B03B9A584AEB5E443.png"><br>style="VERTICAL-ALIGN:middle">A.反应的化学方程式为2M<img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/1/96E220E17AFBEB47465717D3A565EC21.png"><br>style="VERTICAL-ALIGN:middle">N<br>B.0~t<sub>2</sub>时间内,v(M)=<imgmol·L<sup>-1</sup>·min<sup>-1</sup><br>C.t<sub>3</sub>时,该反应的正、逆反应速率相等<br>D.t<sub>2</sub>时,该反应达到了化学平衡<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/1/5/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/1/5/D3771ED770BA2DE2792D62C5D8FADDB7.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>可逆反应N<sub>2</sub>+3H<sub>2</sub><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2011/11/11/692381E3BDDBB38F1EAE88972CA01582.png"><br>style="VERTICAL-ALIGN:middle">2NH<sub>3</sub>的正、逆反应速率可用各反应物或生成物浓度的变化来表示。下列各关系中能说明反应已达到平衡状态的是( )<br>A.3v<sub>正</sub>(N<sub>2</sub>)=v<sub>正</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>) B.v<sub>正</sub>(N<sub>2</sub>)=v<sub>逆</sub>(NH<sub>3</sub>)<br>C.v<sub>正</sub>(N<sub>2</sub>)=3v<sub>逆</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>) D.2v<sub>正</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>)=3v<sub>逆</sub>(NH<sub>3</sub>)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/5/2011/6e71eaa60717489fa8853e4eca5a579a/D9A7E0722DAB5479A60928D5B8864BC6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/5/2011/87b5d2b1a8bd469187ad6c3b73e54bd8/F380CB4B07D44E4F9E633CD41E92642B.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>在2L的密闭容器中,发生以下反应:2A(g)+B(g)=2C(g)+D(g)。若最初加入的A和B都是4mol,在前10sA的反应速率为0.12mol/(L·s),则10s时,容器中B的物质的量是( )<br>A.1.6mol B.2.8mol C.2.4mol D.1.2mol<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/5/2019/ade7f3d5b47244d6b65785970ccf747a/4EF59C4461E28F3B3B09551EB8B9AC3F.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/5/2019/cb7aa01ac1554b2aac511e20449c0168/3489C29CF249AA3F8E39C31743CB76DB.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>一定温度下,在2L密闭容器中,X、Y、Z三种气体的物质的量随时间变化的曲线如下图所示。下列描述正确的是( )<imgA.反应开始到10s,用Z表示的平均反应速率为0.158mol·L<sup>-1</sup>·s<sup>-1</sup><br>B.反应开始到10s,X的物质的量浓度减少了0.79mol·L<sup>-1</sup><br>C.反应开始到10s,Y的转化率为79.0%<br>D.反应的化学方程式为X(g)+Y(g)<imgZ(g)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/5/2011/bb4d940a59934be88def96feb82173ea/D7C9A679F3C72D4F1064B7D0A0FD4AD8.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/5/2011/2e83759ca4d54c7598632305ffc2f360/C641FF635E586B994F7A7F090C9582CA.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>在2A+B=3C+4D反应中,表示该反应速率最快的数据是( )<br>A.v(A)=0.5mol/(L·s) B.v(B)=0.3mol/(L·s)<br>C.v(C)=0.8mol/(L·s) D.v(D)=1.0mol/(L·s)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/5/2011/2d985618a75446b0bc34efbabf55f41c/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/5/2011/200fe58527b045a1a8184df645c133ca/43E2F853CF1EA89ECCD6659EAB377126.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>某恒定温度下,在一个2L的密闭容器中充入A气体,B气体,测得其浓度为2mol/L和1mol/L,且发生如下反应:3A(g)+2B(g)<img4C(?)+2D(?)已知“?”代表C、D状态未确定;反应一段时间后达到平衡,测得生成1.6molC,且反应前后压强比为5:4,则下列说法中正确的是( )<br>①该反应的化学平衡常数表达式为:<img②此时B的转化率为35%③增大该体系压强,平衡向右移动,但化学平衡常数不变④增加C的量,A、B转化率不变A.①② B.②③ C.①④ D.③④<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/5/2018/a7d458d7bfd2471a8c4e12495080f11d/D9A7E0722DAB5479A60928D5B8864BC6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/5/2018/f4a0b428568b456ca6c44461fc62ad6a/C1717967BE4A0322CEF309A41CA31C42.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>某温度下2L密闭容器中,3种气体起始状态和平衡状态时的物质的量(n)如表所示。下列说法正确的是( )<br><tbody><br>X<br>Y<br>W<br>起始状态/mol<br>2<br>1<br>0<br>平衡状态/mol<br>1<br>0.5<br>1.5<br></tbody><br>A.该温度下,此反应的平衡常数表达式是<img<br>B.升高温度,若W的体积分数减小,则此反应ΔH>0<br>C.增大压强,正、逆反应速率均增大,平衡向正反应方向移动<br>D.该温度下,再向容器中通入3molW,达到平衡时,n(X)=2mol<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/1/5/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/1/5/249420E3F4A2E1DD2A14C8F4EF444CBA.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>在一定温度下,将气体X和气体Y各0.16mol充入10L恒容密闭容器中,发生反应<img,一段时间后达到平衡,反应过程中测定的数据如下表:下列说法正确的是( )<br><tbody><br>t/min<br>2<br>4<br>7<br>9<br>n(Y)/mol<br>0.12<br>0.11<br>0.10<br>0.10<br></tbody><br>A.反应前2min的平均速率<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2017/10/20/6299985AC3C363F5AD2510232BB02129.png"><br>B.其他条件不变,降低温度,反应达到新平衡前<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2017/10/20/74014694152607CE84690CE9639073E0.png"><br>C.该温度下此反应的平衡常数K=1.44<br>D.其他条件不变,再充入0.2molZ,平衡时X的体积分数增大<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/5/2017/35864fb932a943e98c6b9b682b131043/D7C9A679F3C72D4F1064B7D0A0FD4AD8.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/5/2017/5e53961c8c3e429883a704110efbf55f/D16D1D791067FAB2309D25431BCBD88A.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>一定温度下,在三个容积均为2.0L的恒容密闭容器中发生反应:2NO(g)+2CO(g)<img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/1/8E3804CE5862629AA974E8D96461E739.png"><br>style="VERTICAL-ALIGN:middle">N<sub>2</sub>(g)+2CO<sub>2</sub>(g),各容器中起始物质的量浓度与反应温度如表所示,反应过程中甲、丙容器中CO<sub>2</sub>的物质的量随时间变化关系如图所示。<br><tbody><br>容器<br>温度/℃<br>起始物质的量浓度/(mol·L<sup>-1</sup>)<br>NO(g)<br>CO(g)<br>N<sub>2</sub>(g)<br>CO<sub>2</sub>(g)<br>甲<br>T<sub>1</sub><br>0.10<br>0.10<br>0<br>0<br>乙<br>T<sub>2</sub><br>0<br>0<br>0.10<br>0.20<br>丙<br>T<sub>2</sub><br>0.10<br>0.10<br>0<br>0<br></tbody><br>下列说法正确的是( )<br>A.该反应的正反应为吸热反应<br>B.乙容器中反应达到平衡时,N<sub>2</sub>的转化率小于40%<br>C.达到平衡时,乙容器中的压强一定大于甲容器的2倍<br>D.丙容器中反应达到平衡后,再充入0.10molNO和0.10molCO<sub>2</sub>,此时v(正)<v(逆)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Answer/1/5/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture1.zhihuicn.com/Explain/1/5/4D6925DE6F433906CFF9F790DB879893.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>研究发现<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/97E290CEC174456941B56AD2E5FC5604.png"><br>与CO合成<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/B4A3E49201632575D7DFA8E032538B5B.png"><br>的反应机理如下:①<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/1058C2C8910C69CCB544C3131E5FAA2B.png"><br> 快②<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/66349E1322417B480E1EBBB505E4E281.png"><br> 快③<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/B0121C53C91C727F812EDBC1C2F379C8.png"><br> 慢其中反应②存在<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/7237328689744E956674A05629CDCF50.png"><br>、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/ECD7C997189051566625E0CDDC6DB614.png"><br>。下列说法正确的是( )<br>A.反应①的活化能大于反应③的活化能<br>B.反应②的平衡常数<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/D95FAFF1AFC9AB0BB5D115559DB305E6.png"><br>C.要提高合成<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/B4A3E49201632575D7DFA8E032538B5B.png"><br>的速率,关键是提高反应②的速率<br>D.选择合适的催化剂能加快该反应的速率,并提高<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/B4A3E49201632575D7DFA8E032538B5B.png"><br>的平衡产率<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/5/2020/b6e8919ec1c14400b43ed5c359ce8d2f/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/5/2020/b6ddbe3f89a44588a84e72503b9722f6/A6361CDC86FF553FDD471EDCF7D0C77F.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>反应<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/E7FF6AF10699D7A82FC4AAC9F1774B55.png"><br>在205K时,其反应物浓度与<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/23884E77D0362C4DB78B4D7304596665.png"><br>的反应速率如下:<br><tbody><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/7BA0E01684C559F9B4631F87C18CFECE.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/907B26622685C15BD937800396D29E9E.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/347727475C0FE9ABDD1FA4257EB1E28C.png"><br>①<br>0.100<br>0.100<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/99C023245E5595C44ECABFD69CEF7421.png"><br>②<br>0.500<br>0.100<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/29D1AE4449B58F728C5B700931E9727F.png"><br>③<br>0.100<br>0.500<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/AD843B2CA5D2C21583E578BEAE9D8B36.png"><br></tbody><br>已知:①反应物浓度与反应速率关系式为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/0AC8BC2AE78AC68B4AFF7E9956F7E71F.png"><br>(式中速率常数<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/E5C1D98B7036D078CA469988C917F719.png"><br>,其中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/0EBADB2087146568BC9BFF6554053794.png"><br>为活化能,A、R均为大于0的常数,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/9FCDE850A4BA9C065900A44CFDDC9C74.png"><br>为温度);②反应级数是反应的速率方程式中各反应物浓度的指数之和。下列说法不正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/0C541B77081C8FE66A3FE36635CF1898.png"><br>=2,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/6055200D13809669546681F5431BFF6D.png"><br>=1,反应级数为3<br>B.295K时,当<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/0E7DA026D6202E5D9F047B470E3B4982.png"><br>时,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/6DAF55275DB8E978832539BAD65A10C7.png"><br>C.加入催化剂可以改变反应途径,也可以增大速率常数<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/6E30B17A140D596C22D7B79D238A1D81.png"><br>,从而加快反应速率<br>D.升高温度,可以增大反应的活化能<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/0EBADB2087146568BC9BFF6554053794.png"><br>,从而使速率常数<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/6E30B17A140D596C22D7B79D238A1D81.png"><br>增大<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/5/2020/19da4a3ae17f4167ad6be93bcddbac6c/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/5/2020/947490bb7d064508a57b6e83f76a99b8/915D07DF3EC1DCECDD79BBCDAB3681CE.png"><br><br>※题型:实验题※知识点:实验题※试题难度:中等<br>一定条件下正戊烷<br>(CH<br><sub></sub><br>CH<br><sub></sub><br>CH<br><sub></sub><br>CH<br><sub></sub><br>CH<br><sub></sub><br>)<br>易发生两种裂解反应<br>:<br>I.CH<br><sub></sub><br>CH<br><sub></sub><br>CH<br><sub></sub><br>CH<br><sub></sub><br>CH<br><sub></sub><br>(g)<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2019/11/18/9EFD3C8AA8CA135F75EFE81AEAEC5178.png"><br>CH<br><sub></sub><br>CH=<br>CH<br><sub></sub><br>(<br>g)+CH<br><sub></sub><br>CH<br><sub></sub><br>(g) <br>Δ<br>H<br><sub></sub><br>=+274.2<br>kJ<br>·<br>mol<br><sup><br>-1<br></sup><br>Ⅱ<br>.CH<br><sub></sub><br>CH<br><sub></sub><br>CH<br><sub></sub><br>CH<br><sub></sub><br>CH<br><sub></sub><br>(g)<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2019/11/18/9EFD3C8AA8CA135F75EFE81AEAEC5178.png"><br>CH<br><sub></sub><br>CH<br><sub></sub><br>CH<br><sub></sub><br>(g)+CH<br><sub></sub><br>=CH<br><sub></sub><br>(g) <br>Δ<br>H<br><sub></sub><br>=+122.7<br>kJ<br>·<br>mol<br><sup><br>-1<br></sup>1.维持体系温度T不变,总压强p恒定时,体积为V<sub>1</sub>L的正戊烷发生裂解反应,一段时间平衡后气体体积变为V<sub>2</sub>L,此时正戊烷的转化率α(正戊烷)=;维持体系温度不变,向体系中充人一定量的水蒸气(水蒸气在该条件下不参与反应),再次平衡后正戊烷的转化率将(填“增大”“减小”或“不变”),原因为。2.一定温度下,向容积为2L的密闭容器中充入0.2molCH<sub>3</sub>CH=CH<sub>2</sub>和0.5molCH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>发生反应CH<sub>3</sub>CH=CH<sub>2</sub>(g)+CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>(g)<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2019/11/18/9EFD3C8AA8CA135F75EFE81AEAEC5178.png"><br>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>(g)+CH<sub>2</sub>=CH<sub>2</sub>(g) △H<sub>3</sub>;5min后达到平衡状态,容器内剩余CH<sub>3</sub>CH=CH<sub>2</sub>的物质的量为0.1mol。①△H<sub>3</sub>=。②5min内,该反应的平均反应速率v(CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>)=。③保持温度不变,起始时向该密闭容器中充入等物质的量的CH<sub>3</sub>CH=CH<sub>2</sub>和CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>,平衡后容器内CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>的体积分数为(保留一位小数)。3.将0.1molCH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>完全燃烧后的气体通入100mL一定浓度的NaOH溶液中,并将所得溶液稀释至1L,最终所得溶液中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2019/11/18/2A0A60180BB80B9CFC04AAFBF50EB469.png"><br>、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2019/11/18/AEE27C9B87724042B957776C37342875.png"><br>、H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>三者物质的量分数随原NaOH溶液浓度变化的关系如图所示:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2019/11/18/2EA114600D0CFC93F1E1B3CDC4AF98B9.png"><br>其中表示原氢氧化钠浓度为3mol·L<sup>-1</sup>的是___________(填“a”“b”“c”“d”或“e”)。4.以氢氧化钠溶液为电解质溶液,CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>燃料电池的负极反应式。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/5/2019/e4c4ed0aafeb47a3bf5d9bd7d76b1ccb/4E9B99CAD64F64018A5DFF4E68933543.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/5/2019/1dd07c4bf4ec413aa74ea5ed5285cb20/A5D0FCDEE8D77AB82D3DA1C1BBFDD9FF.png"><br><br>※题型:填空题※知识点:填空题※试题难度:中等<br>碘及其<br>化合物在生产、生活中应用广泛。回答下列问题:<br>1.单质碘与氟气反应可得<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/24564CD5F12AAD077E1C051487FDEECE.png"><br>,实验表明液态<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/24564CD5F12AAD077E1C051487FDEECE.png"><br>具有一定的导电性,原因在于<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/24564CD5F12AAD077E1C051487FDEECE.png"><br>的自耦电离,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/24564CD5F12AAD077E1C051487FDEECE.png"><br>的自耦电离方程式为(如<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/EC3292BA20EA95699E445A75CBF39462.png"><br>的自耦电离方程式为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/59CF886B371C822BC3CBA72336F0DFC2.png"><br>)。2.亚硫酸钠和碘酸钾在酸性溶液中的反应是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/BDDD0706914F7DAE23758DC92AB261DF.png"><br>(未配平),该反应过程和机理较复杂,一般认为分为以下几步①<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/1E7A35F0006EEE60B46580ABC14CA366.png"><br>(慢)②<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/38C42FA40DD7F2519DC1C5924D71003A.png"><br>(快)③<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/611CD29F9F2BD1ADC75266F83CE63509.png"><br>(快)根据上述条件推测,此反应的总反应速率由第步反应决定(填序号)。若预先加入淀粉溶液,由机理看必在离子消耗完时,才会有淀粉变蓝的现象产生。3.离子的吸附是重要的研究课题。①已知<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/EDB13CADACDD0611FCC469162027418E.png"><br>与<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/7436A5C2F3EFDA5C667C0493A68782A6.png"><br>的反应速率极快且平衡常数大,溶液中存在如下平衡:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/DF2611F12C0566E1939F555B8ECA52EE.png"><br>,现将1mol<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/EDB13CADACDD0611FCC469162027418E.png"><br>缓缓通入含1mol<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/7436A5C2F3EFDA5C667C0493A68782A6.png"><br>的水溶液中至恰好完全反应,溶液中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/DB11E6BEA03654B4F64E96C4606CEEEB.png"><br>的物质的量<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/4086FDD5F731CA83D4E4C33381EAB822.png"><br>随时间(t)的变化曲线如图1所示。开始阶段,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/4086FDD5F731CA83D4E4C33381EAB822.png"><br>逐渐增大的原因是。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/FBECBBB50B1110FABF893155790E5C0E.png"><br>②科研小组用新型材料<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/6EA124C218108A034F717A7D621FCB12.png"><br>对溶液中碘离子进行吸附研究。如图2是不同pH条件下,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/6EA124C218108A034F717A7D621FCB12.png"><br>对碘离子吸附效果的变化曲线。据此推断<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/6EA124C218108A034F717A7D621FCB12.png"><br>材料最适合吸附(填“酸性”“中性”或“碱性”)溶液中的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/6AC09C04B5CE2D4B69DB23FFCCB861A5.png"><br>。4.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/49862ECF28D732618BA0357490231B47.png"><br>与<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/6AC09C04B5CE2D4B69DB23FFCCB861A5.png"><br>在溶液中发生反应:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/5EA19790643FC5695E068EB9446B030D.png"><br>,该反应的正反应速率和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/49862ECF28D732618BA0357490231B47.png"><br>与<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/6AC09C04B5CE2D4B69DB23FFCCB861A5.png"><br>的浓度关系为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/A44754486D352B2B73294CFD1449C41F.png"><br>(其中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/6E30B17A140D596C22D7B79D238A1D81.png"><br>为速率常数)。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/5D05E9E5DD3DD8CBBDC9F77D1D5DA1EB.png"><br>℃时,实验测得<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/AD16C2EE592F74F8F7F71025BD61F468.png"><br>与反应速率的关系如下表:<br><tbody><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/C829A9C68C773688DAEE86F5FB65E121.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/7170EB13F7FB1AD1FF19B0804E063FE7.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/6AB93D2DBF78D3546321324E0AA38935.png"><br>①<br>0.20<br>0.80<br>0.032<br>②<br>0.60<br>0.40<br>0.144<br>③<br>0.80<br>0.20<br>0.128<br></tbody><br>①<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/4E145A5E1C3927264B4834218E87135E.png"><br>中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/0C541B77081C8FE66A3FE36635CF1898.png"><br>、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/6055200D13809669546681F5431BFF6D.png"><br>的值为(填序号)。A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/6273AFF2770C032C91608BB66DB1CBF2.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/1C43514FD88E734D6A6C98C028F31FBD.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/17382CBA4B60211033207479C9691511.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/463BF8300AE689C31ACC07C51B7BD392.png"><br>②<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/6AC09C04B5CE2D4B69DB23FFCCB861A5.png"><br>浓度对反应速率的影响(填“大于”“小于”或“等于”)<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/1/2020/11/30/49862ECF28D732618BA0357490231B47.png"><br>浓度对反应速率的影响。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/1/5/2020/161988fcc9284e73844e8da986ddfd5b/D43C389F8170CEC0610687EF980CF5D5.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/1/5/2020/4277cc4cd8114441822e874b16a6f30d/BC14D25561F6840BD5D2B4DDC8A2D511.png"><br><br>
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