2021届中考化学教材实验母题延伸（三）不同实验同种实验方法（原理）
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>通过观察和实验等方法,人们找到物质变化的证据。下列四组研究化学反应快慢的对比实验中,各组所用溶液浓度相同且适宜、所用固体表面积相同,其中现象最不明显的一组是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/11/36306EBB2E529D28AC2BFCC7D9B0315A.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/11/3DDD5077BCA8E8E75BC1993AC6627724.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/11/405480B8EF791DF762398858D3292178.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/11/C81076E03AB9F35C99263615088E63CD.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/b98548a1cd4c43c98518598fae3ceb38/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/cacc2ca53f994d478ae6fd2f8efb78c1/78A3FA908E6A2F3B863152B7EB0AD413.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>对比实验是实验探究的重要方法,下列对比实验设计能达到相应实验目的的是( )<br>A.探究温度对分子运动快慢的影响<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/17/EA0EF8697ACF46EAAAF76916AD8A34D7.png"><br>B.探究水对铁钉锈蚀的影响<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/17/2F8074FB6479CD90891C43DC15381F3A.png"><br>C.探究空气是燃烧的必要条件<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/17/AE3A58A2BF5ACCBB669CC461F259F479.png"><br>D.比较锌和铁的金属活动性<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/17/6B742464A87B7C4FAFAF71A5FFEC1AB5.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/6780c389a23c42dc8f4fc941ff5746a1/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/975dc96e8a7e4df19176827dfe1a29d4/224051334A2DC5B6F366AA764ACF9220.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列实验不能达到实验目的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/22/AF1D0B1CF9A9684EEF226215EA4AB159.jpeg"><br>区分硬水和软水<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/22/16334766DCD5B867E7FF41926570D448.jpeg"><br>探究<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/22/44B0E828036F130B3310F7309C4661A9.png"><br>与水的反应<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/22/24D7B2514657EA8573A9517477F0EAB2.jpeg"><br>探究接触面积对反应速率的影响<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/22/FE08747DCF26ED671F29930DE983F393.jpeg"><br>比较空气与人体呼出的气体中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/22/44B0E828036F130B3310F7309C4661A9.png"><br>含量<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/02f260e549b548079c5642abef608a2f/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/c73b177549ad494192069f6ff021b368/7258F2DA4408EC4E0F7A36C453D4F165.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>对比实验是实验探究的重要方法,下列对比实验设计不能实现相应实验目的的是( )<br><tbody><br>选项<br>实验目的<br>实验设计<br>A<br>证明燃烧时温度需达到可燃物着火点<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/16/3B93AF6346A708EA6167C27A460CEA5B.png"><br>B<br>比较呼出气体和空气中二氧化碳的含量<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/16/3982F805F6F3629ACF5C3697707674F1.png"><br>C<br>探究水对铁钉锈蚀的影响<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/16/D5C260820999A3DBD855D85A0DDD99B7.png"><br>D<br>探究氢氧化钠与二氧化碳发生反应<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/16/174032D9C287D990B2A0DD42A6019687.png"><br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/d40bd70603894de1a554aee44a5a68a8/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b8bec4f44fb64455ac3b4c684320601d/C95CC3287E04861676D6144827D820E1.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>化学实验是我们应用化学知识、拓展化学思维和培养化学素养的重要途径。下列实验能达到实验目的的是( )<br>A.测定空气中氧气的含量<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/7/378720140BC591F88A1751D52C5B14C0.png"><br>B.证明分子是不断运动的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/7/9E8B850F4A8B40C04ECDB31BED246970.png"><br>C.探究铁生锈的条件<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/7/615EE4F4A768108B914E1392210268DE.png"><br>D.比较<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/7/2CEAC5361229107C222187C4537709AE.png"><br>对<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/7/15B4C354922E32DC2EDD3250029204D6.png"><br>分解速率的影响<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/7/212D0E18553741FBAECB6561DD950BB1.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/58a3a6e489c740b9b77bfb920c7de7bb/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ae5d9d3390e148cfb0aaee5f61360176/D683978C10FA86FB4026A8DED241F098.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>为验证Fe、Cu、Ag3种金属的活动性顺序,某小组同学设计了如图所示的4种实验方案(不做其他实验).其中不能达到目的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/18/AC4666B509F28CDEA98772EE651CD3A6.jpeg"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/18/507B879E8456D6DB984E4BDAF82553D2.jpeg"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/18/66A02DF9C1928094CD3F23AC6120467F.jpeg"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/18/56E5436F9FA819B81BA388141BAF0CBC.jpeg"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/fe14ee47834148cea7fb52085b725102/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/3b154353d2b74329b3afa0ce59397552/13D5B366B94C017145A1870D86466237.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列所示实验设计中,不能达到实验目的的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/10/91B34BFC0E66B03C6E0C8C913B33AF1B.png"><br>A.探究二氧化碳能与水反应<br>B.验证Fe、Cu、Ag的金属活动性强弱<br>C.探究溶剂种类对溶质溶解的影响<br>D.探究硝酸铵溶解时的能量变化<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/e24fdd310fc44703a8a01fc2e74ff366/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/5a3c98a7721741d58e312d7f4c02ff8d/0AA1D74D02C4F988ECF71FD8FB2713D5.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>利用对比的方法可以帮助我们更好地研究化学问题。下表所示的对比实验中,不能达到实验目的的是( )<br><tbody><br>选项<br>实验目的<br>实验设计<br>选项<br>实验目的<br>实验设计<br>A<br>探究铁生锈的条件<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/11/7307E52FD1F44FBAD74A6EDA89F01B55.png"><br>B<br>探究温度对溶质溶解速率的影响<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/11/14B3121AE97039854C9368D8059935EF.png"><br>C<br>区分硬水和软水<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/11/50BAB843DCBC956062F4A9C808086634.png"><br>D<br>探究燃烧条件:温度达到可燃物的着火点<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/11/5EDCCF91731BC9ECB40A1E339229E92B.png"><br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3769faffd6274f2a8d9f05adf971b064/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/bc41dfb3fa4b4d82a5999115846d4e78/0A05AB71271D5CCBB2E47D054F8B8DCF.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某同学为验证镁、铁、铜、银的金属活动性顺序,设计了如图所示的四个实验(金属片均已打磨,且其形状大小相同;实验①②③所用盐酸的溶质质量分数和体积均相同)。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/24/8EAE47025587301A88D47FA4F0C8EA37.png"><br>下列分析不正确的是( )<br>A.对比实验①②反应的剧烈程度,能判断出镁和铁的金属活动性强弱<br>B.分析实验②④的现象,能判断出铁、铜、银的金属活动性强弱<br>C.分析实验④的现象,能判断出铜和银的金属活动性强弱<br>D.分析四个实验的现象,能判断出镁、铁、铜、银的金属活动性顺序<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3c74a975b7d64be992374bec3afcd1f1/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f312d56a81164220a449bcc9f46273d5/4C2CB27FB15670C022C9479C67E203DF.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>根据下图所示实验回答问题。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/24/22C5FBE385B78FB3CAB9B06C830DD0EB.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/24/1FA7A4D2D7C85C500A12A1F73518F95D.png"><br>1.甲实验中能够说明盐酸与氢氧化钠发生了反应的现象是。二者反应的化学方程式为。<br>2.乙是探究铜在空气中生锈条件的实验。实验中对蒸馏水的要求是___________,根据对比实验要求,B装置中除铜外,还应该有的物质是___________。铜与铁相比,___________(选填“铜”或“铁”)更易生锈。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/0434d073bcbd4e0faeafccf231db9609/DC6550482C450D2105CB358DC95A563F.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>实验是进行科学探究的重要方法,根据下图回答问题<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/6/69F5A01842AC65FC22B425E4D3BAB71D.png"><br>1.图一为探究铁生锈的实验,B试管中植物油的作用是__________________,证明铁生锈需要接触水的对比实验为___________(填字母)2.通过图二实验,可探究燃烧的条件之一是__________________ 该实验中两朵棉花都未能燃烧的主要原因是____________________3.图三为测定空气中氧气含量的改进装置,若实验结束后发现氧气含量比理论值偏小,则可能的原因是__________________________<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/bdcc76443f444fbda7feb21a73c54ed0/8E9BBB994A0251FB93FA55CDDC2D1B1E.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f8ab9ffdd9d04f9ca48542349f338c38/AF88452D3D2D9DF1E1A191E68587B735.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>“<br>对比实验<br>”<br>是科学探究的重要方法,根据下列所示的实验示意图回答问题。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/31/E7C389FF06FFCF76E7584E01C3DE8B0D.png"><br>1.硫酸铜溶液呈蓝色,为探究哪种粒子使溶液显蓝色,可选择用作对比的试剂是_____溶液。2.如图二,现象①②说明物质燃烧需要与_____(填名称)接触,实验中发生了异常,白磷燃烧时有火星飞溅到红磷上,引起红磷燃烧,证明了燃烧的另一个条件是_____。3.①如图三,同学们做了试管A、B的对比实验,发现试管A中固体几乎不溶,试管B中固体全部溶解,该实验说明了影响物质溶解性的因素是_____。②同学们又补充了试管C所示实验,他们想探究的影响物资溶解性的因素是_____。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/da5c128100524da5b396fb6a5bbdac0b/15C72D99A789A46F1F5DF39538D85B25.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/340bd7f9e275495f8e32d125ae6508a8/31CC9DC32B3A3901C0B8F5B7A712D112.png"><br><br>
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