中学生学习策略研究的文献综述
<p>近代以来科学史上不断的演绎着分化和综合。教育必须与社会发展的要求相适应，综合时代决定了现代教育也必然朝着综合化发展。综合实践活动课程正是在这个大综合时代背景下应运而生。</p><p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="science">science</span>, <span word="differentiation">differentiation</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="synthesis">synthesis</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="continuously">continuously</span> <span word="performed">performed</span>. <span word="Education">Education</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="adapt">adapt</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="requirements">requirements</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="development">development</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="comprehensive">comprehensive</span> <span word="era">era</span> <span word="determines">determines</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="education">education</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="towards">towards</span> <span word="integration">integration</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="comprehensive">comprehensive</span> <span word="practical">practical</span> <span word="activity">activity</span> <span word="curriculum">curriculum</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="background">background</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="comprehensive">comprehensive</span> <span word="era">era</span>.</p><p>2001年6月，我国提出了相应的课程政策，在《基础教育课程改革纲要（试行）》中，对部分中小学课程作了重大调整。课程改革的目标之一就是“改变课程结构过于强调学科本位、科目过多和缺乏整合的现状，整体设置九年一贯的课程门类和课时比例，并设置综合课程，以适应不同地区和学生发展的需要，体现课程结构的均衡性、选择性”。这次新课程改革的一个显着变化是将一些原来的单科性课程整合为综合课程。同时开设专门的综合课程，如小学和初、高中都增加了综合实践活动课。综合实践活动课程是打破学科界限，体现对知识的综合应用的实践性课程。</p><p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="June">June</span> 2001, <span word="China">China</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="forward">forward</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="corresponding">corresponding</span> <span word="curriculum">curriculum</span> <span word="policy">policy</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="outline">outline</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="basic">basic</span> <span word="education">education</span> <span word="curriculum">curriculum</span> <span word="reform">reform</span> (<span word="for">for</span> <span word="Trial">Trial</span> <span word="Implementation">Implementation</span>), <span word="some">some</span> <span word="primary">primary</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="secondary">secondary</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="courses">courses</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="greatly">greatly</span> <span word="adjusted">adjusted</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="goals">goals</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="curriculum">curriculum</span> <span word="reform">reform</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> "<span word="change">change</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="current">current</span> <span word="situation">situation</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="curriculum">curriculum</span> <span word="structure">structure</span> <span word="overemphasizes">overemphasizes</span> <span word="subject">subject</span> <span word="standard">standard</span>, <span word="subjects">subjects</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="lack">lack</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="integration">integration</span>, <span word="set">set</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="nine">nine</span>-<span word="year">year</span> <span word="consistent">consistent</span> <span word="curriculum">curriculum</span> <span word="category">category</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="proportion">proportion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="hours">hours</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="comprehensive">comprehensive</span> <span word="curriculum">curriculum</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="needs">needs</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="regions">regions</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="students">students</span>' <span word="development">development</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="reflect">reflect</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="balance">balance</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="selectivity">selectivity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="curriculum">curriculum</span> <span word="structure">structure</span>". <span word="A">A</span> <span word="significant">significant</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="curriculum">curriculum</span> <span word="reform">reform</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="integrate">integrate</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="original">original</span> <span word="single">single</span> <span word="subject">subject</span> <span word="courses">courses</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="comprehensive">comprehensive</span> <span word="courses">courses</span>. <span word="At">At</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="special">special</span> <span word="comprehensive">comprehensive</span> <span word="courses">courses</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="offered">offered</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="primary">primary</span> <span word="school">school</span>, <span word="junior">junior</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="senior">senior</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="school">school</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="comprehensive">comprehensive</span> <span word="practical">practical</span> <span word="activity">activity</span> <span word="courses">courses</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="course">course</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="comprehensive">comprehensive</span> <span word="practical">practical</span> <span word="activity">activity</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="practical">practical</span> <span word="course">course</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="breaks">breaks</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boundary">boundary</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="subject">subject</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="embodies">embodies</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="comprehensive">comprehensive</span> <span word="application">application</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span>.</p>
页:
[1]