仁者无敌——孟子的人生哲学
<p>在孟子看来，要想成为圣人就必须“保养本心”、善养“浩然之气”。孟子说这种“浩然之气”“至大至刚”，能够“塞于天地之间”，听起来似乎充满故弄玄虚的神秘色彩，实则仍以保养本性和加强仁义道德修养为旨归。纷繁世间，酒色财气，人生总是充满了欲望和诱惑，要想学做圣人就必须摆脱这些干扰。孟子认为，人们的差别不在于富贵贫贱，而在于能否保持高尚的道德，即做“仁人”。君子“以德服人”，“君子所以异于人者，以其存心也。君子以仁存心，以礼存心”。抵御外在物欲干扰，保养良好天性，既需要好的环境，更需要个人持之以恒的努力。因此，孟子更强调个人的立志和坚持，强调君子必须“穷不失义，达不离道”。</p><p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="Mencius">Mencius</span>' <span word="view">view</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="saint">saint</span>, <span word="one">one</span> <span word="must">must</span> "<span word="maintain">maintain</span> <span word="one">one</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="original">original</span> <span word="heart">heart</span>" <span word="and">and</span> "<span word="cultivate">cultivate</span> <span word="one">one</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="noble">noble</span> <span word="spirit">spirit</span>". <span word="Mencius">Mencius</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> "<span word="great">great</span> <span word="spirit">spirit</span>" <span word="and">and</span> "<span word="supremacy">supremacy</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="rigidity">rigidity</span>" <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> "<span word="plugged">plugged</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="heaven">heaven</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="earth">earth</span>", <span word="which">which</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mystical">mystical</span> <span word="color">color</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="aims">aims</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="maintain">maintain</span> <span word="nature">nature</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="strengthen">strengthen</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cultivation">cultivation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="benevolence">benevolence</span>, <span word="righteousness">righteousness</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="morality">morality</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="desires">desires</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="temptations">temptations</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="saint">saint</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="rid">rid</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="interferences">interferences</span>. <span word="Mencius">Mencius</span> <span word="believed">believed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="difference">difference</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="poor">poor</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="maintain">maintain</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="morality">morality</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> "<span word="benevolent">benevolent</span>". <span word="A">A</span> <span word="gentleman">gentleman</span> "<span word="conquers">conquers</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="virtue">virtue</span>", "<span word="a">a</span> <span word="gentleman">gentleman</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="intention">intention</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="gentleman">gentleman</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="benevolence">benevolence</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="propriety">propriety</span> ". <span word="To">To</span> <span word="resist">resist</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="interference">interference</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="external">external</span> <span word="material">material</span> <span word="desire">desire</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="maintain">maintain</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="nature">nature</span> <span word="requires">requires</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="environment">environment</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="persistent">persistent</span> <span word="efforts">efforts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span>. <span word="Therefore">Therefore</span>, <span word="Mencius">Mencius</span> <span word="emphasized">emphasized</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="individual">individual</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="determination">determination</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="persistence">persistence</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="emphasized">emphasized</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gentleman">gentleman</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> "<span word="destitute">destitute</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="righteous">righteous</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="reach">reach</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Tao">Tao</span>".</p>
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