朱熹是怎样读书的
<p>朱熹是南宋时期理学大家，又是着名的教育家。他一生大部分时间都在读书和教书，提出过许多精辟的见解。他死后不久，弟子们将他的读书经验归纳为六条，称为“朱子读书法”，对于今人，仍有启示和借鉴的作用。</p><p><span word="Zhu">Zhu</span> <span word="Xi">Xi</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="master">master</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Neo">Neo</span> <span word="Confucianism">Confucianism</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="famous">famous</span> <span word="educator">educator</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Southern">Southern</span> <span word="Song">Song</span> <span word="Dynasty">Dynasty</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="forward">forward</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="brilliant">brilliant</span> <span word="ideas">ideas</span>. <span word="Soon">Soon</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="death">death</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="disciples">disciples</span> <span word="summed">summed</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="experience">experience</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="pieces">pieces</span>, <span word="called">called</span> "<span word="Zhu">Zhu</span> <span word="Zi">Zi</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="method">method</span>", <span word="which">which</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="enlightenment">enlightenment</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="reference">reference</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="today">today</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="people">people</span>.</p><p>第一，循序渐进。朱熹说：“读书之法，莫贵于循守而致精。”什么是循序渐进？就是说，读书要有个先后顺序，读通一书，再读一书。就读一书而言，则要逐字逐句逐段按顺序读，先读的未弄通，就不能读后面的。这样才不会生吞活剥或杂乱无章。朱熹还进一步指出，读书要从易到难，从浅到深，从近到远，急不得，也慢不得。“所谓急不得者，功效不可急；所谓不可慢者，工夫不可慢。”这是在告被读书人既不可急于求成，也不可松松垮垮，而要进度适当，方能见效。</p><p><span word="First">First</span>, <span word="step">step</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="step">step</span>. <span word="Zhu">Zhu</span> <span word="Xi">Xi</span> <span word="said">said</span>: "<span word="the">the</span> <span word="law">law</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="valued">valued</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rules">rules</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="achieving">achieving</span> <span word="perfection">perfection</span>." <span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="step">step</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="step">step</span>? <span word="That">That</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="say">say</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sequence">sequence</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="reading">reading</span>, <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="another">another</span>. <span word="To">To</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="book">book</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="word">word</span>, <span word="sentence">sentence</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="sentence">sentence</span>, <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="paragraph">paragraph</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="don">don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="first">first</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="later">later</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="way">way</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="eaten">eaten</span> <span word="alive">alive</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="disorderly">disorderly</span>. <span word="Zhu">Zhu</span> <span word="Xi">Xi</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="pointed">pointed</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span>, <span word="from">from</span> <span word="shallow">shallow</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="deep">deep</span>, <span word="from">from</span> <span word="near">near</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="far">far</span>, <span word="neither">neither</span> <span word="urgent">urgent</span> <span word="nor">nor</span> <span word="slow">slow</span>. "<span word="The">The</span> <span word="so">so</span>-<span word="called">called</span> <span word="urgent">urgent</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="urgent">urgent</span>; <span word="the">the</span> <span word="so">so</span>-<span word="called">called</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="slow">slow</span>, <span word="work">work</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="slow">slow</span>." <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="inform">inform</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="readers">readers</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="neither">neither</span> <span word="rush">rush</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="success">success</span> <span word="nor">nor</span> <span word="slacken">slacken</span> <span word="down">down</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="achieve">achieve</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="proper">proper</span> <span word="progress">progress</span>.</p>
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