漫谈诗词中的雪与花
<p>清者乐雪，雅者乐花。</p><p><span word="Clear">Clear</span> <span word="music">music</span> <span word="snow">snow</span>, <span word="elegant">elegant</span> <span word="music">music</span> <span word="flower">flower</span>.</p><p>雪与花，特别是梅花，像是孪生姐妹，若即若离，有着种种微妙的关系，在历代文人墨客的笔下，交相辉映，尽显丰姿。</p><p><span word="Snow">Snow</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="flowers">flowers</span>, <span word="especially">especially</span> <span word="plum">plum</span> <span word="blossom">blossom</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="twin">twin</span> <span word="sisters">sisters</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="inseparable">inseparable</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="subtle">subtle</span> <span word="relationships">relationships</span>. <span word="Under">Under</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pen">pen</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="literati">literati</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="ages">ages</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="beauty">beauty</span>.</p><p>人们常以花喻雪，谈到下雪，总说是雪花飘舞。雪还素有“六出梅花”的美名。以雪喻花就更寻常，苏州梅花出名，早春时节，千树皆白，暗香浮动，人称“香雪海”。刘禹锡《杨柳枝》中有这样的句子：“昨来风起花如雪，飞入宫墙不见人。”</p><p><span word="People">People</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="flowers">flowers</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="metaphor">metaphor</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="snow">snow</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="snow">snow</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="snow">snow</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="dancing">dancing</span>. <span word="Snow">Snow</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span> "<span word="six">six</span> <span word="plum">plum</span> <span word="blossom">blossom</span>". <span word="It">It</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="snow">snow</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="metaphor">metaphor</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="flowers">flowers</span>. <span word="Suzhou">Suzhou</span> <span word="plum">plum</span> <span word="blossom">blossom</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="famous">famous</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="spring">spring</span>, <span word="thousands">thousands</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="trees">trees</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="white">white</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fragrant">fragrant</span>. <span word="It">It</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="called">called</span> "<span word="fragrant">fragrant</span> <span word="snow">snow</span> <span word="sea">sea</span>". <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Liu">Liu</span> <span word="Yuxi">Yuxi</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="willow">willow</span> <span word="branch">branch</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sentence">sentence</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="this">this</span>: "<span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wind">wind</span> <span word="blew">blew</span> <span word="flowers">flowers</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="snow">snow</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="flying">flying</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="palace">palace</span> <span word="wall">wall</span>."</p><p>既然互为本体与喻体，雪和花似乎令人难以分辨了。然而，富有哲理的宋诗，还是巧妙的区别出它们。“墙角数枝梅，凌寒独自开。遥知不是雪，为有暗香来。”是王安石的《梅花》诗吧。是的，雪有雪的优点，梅有梅的长处。卢梅坡《雪梅》说：“梅雪争春未肯降，骚人阁笔费评章。梅须逊雪三分白，雪却输梅一段香。”</p>
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