古诗中的“炼字”艺术例说
<p>古人写诗，十分讲究炼字，常是“吟安一个字，捻断数茎须”，“两句三年得，一吟双泪流”。下面就古诗的“炼字”艺术作一点简要介绍。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="ancients">ancients</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="refining">refining</span> <span word="words">words</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="wrote">wrote</span> <span word="poems">poems</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="said">said</span> "<span word="chant">chant</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="word">word</span>, <span word="twist">twist</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="break">break</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="stems">stems</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="whiskers">whiskers</span>" <span word="and">and</span> "<span word="two">two</span> <span word="sentences">sentences</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="years">years</span>, <span word="one">one</span> <span word="chant">chant</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="tears">tears</span>". <span word="Here">Here</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="brief">brief</span> <span word="introduction">introduction</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="art">art</span> <span word="of">of</span> "<span word="refining">refining</span> <span word="words">words</span>" <span word="in">in</span> <span word="ancient">ancient</span> <span word="poems">poems</span>.</p><p>1、一字传情。用凝炼的文字表达丰富的意思。如“不知何处吹芦管，一夜征人尽望乡。”（李益《夜上受降城闻笛》）尽：都。着一“尽”字，写出了征人思乡的人数之多，伫立盼望的时间之长。</p><p>1. <span word="Word">Word</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="word">word</span>. <span word="Use">Use</span> <span word="condensed">condensed</span> <span word="words">words</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="express">express</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="meanings">meanings</span>. <span word="If">If</span> "<span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="blow">blow</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reed">reed</span> <span word="pipe">pipe</span>, <span word="I">I</span>'<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="visit">visit</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="hometown">hometown</span> <span word="overnight">overnight</span>." (<span word="Li">Li</span> <span word="Yi">Yi</span>, <span word="listening">listening</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="flute">flute</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="night">night</span>) <span word="do">do</span>: <span word="all">all</span>. <span word="With">With</span> <span word="a">a</span> "<span word="do">do</span>" <span word="word">word</span>, <span word="wrote">wrote</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="homesickness">homesickness</span>, <span word="waiting">waiting</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="time">time</span>.</p><p>2、以动衬静。如“明月松间照，清泉石上流。”（王维《山居秋暝》）前一句写诗人所见：朗照的秋月，在松林间仿佛过了滤似的，分外皎洁，投下了斑驳陆离的光影，境界显得更加宁静。后一句写诗人所闻：山泉格外清澈明净，它在山石上潺潺流淌，似乎还能听到它的叮咚的流水声。用清泉流淌反衬“空山”的清幽。</p>
页:
[1]