老北京的春节习俗
<p>日落日升，斗转星移，回首往昔，历史为我们留下了太多的系念和玄想，而这“岁时礼俗”就是其中之一。比如，春节习俗成了我国最大的传统民俗节日。春节在古都更受到人们普遍重视，由此也形成了一套完整的春节习俗。农历的正月初一为春节，俗称“过年”。春节原起于殷商时期年头岁尾的祭神祭祖活动。古代的春节称：“元日”、“元旦”。辛亥革命后，才把正月初一正式定名为春节。</p><p><span word="Looking">Looking</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span>, <span word="history">history</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="thoughts">thoughts</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="mysteries">mysteries</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="this">this</span> "<span word="etiquette">etiquette</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="of">of</span>" <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="custom">custom</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Spring">Spring</span> <span word="Festival">Festival</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="largest">largest</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="folk">folk</span> <span word="festival">festival</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span>. <span word="Spring">Spring</span> <span word="Festival">Festival</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="ancient">ancient</span> <span word="capital">capital</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="formed">formed</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="complete">complete</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Spring">Spring</span> <span word="Festival">Festival</span> <span word="customs">customs</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="lunar">lunar</span> <span word="month">month</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Spring">Spring</span> <span word="Festival">Festival</span>, <span word="commonly">commonly</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span> "<span word="new">new</span> <span word="year">year</span>". <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Spring">Spring</span> <span word="Festival">Festival</span> <span word="originated">originated</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worship">worship</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="gods">gods</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="ancestors">ancestors</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Yin">Yin</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Shang">Shang</span> <span word="Dynasties">Dynasties</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="ancient">ancient</span> <span word="spring">spring</span> <span word="festival">festival</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="called">called</span> "<span word="New">New</span> <span word="Year">Year</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="Day">Day</span>" <span word="and">and</span> "<span word="New">New</span> <span word="Year">Year</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="Day">Day</span>". <span word="After">After</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1911 <span word="Revolution">Revolution</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="lunar">lunar</span> <span word="month">month</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="officially">officially</span> <span word="named">named</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Spring">Spring</span> <span word="Festival">Festival</span>.</p><p>就北京地区来说，从腊月初八家家户户要泡腊八醋（蒜），就开始有了“年味”。民谣讲：“老太太别心烦，过了腊八就是年。腊八粥，喝几天？哩哩啦啦二十三……”，腊月二十三又称“小年”。有一首歌谣唱道：“糖瓜祭灶，新年来到，丫头要花，小子要炮……”。从这一天开始，北京人更加忙活了，要祭灶，扫房子，蒸馒头，置办年货，贴“福”字，贴年画，剪窗花，贴对联。贴门神，贴挂钱，一直忙活到除夕，开始过大年。</p>
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