每日一词∣特别国债 special treasury bonds
<p>3月27日，中共中央总书记习近平主持召开中共中央政治局会议，分析新冠肺炎疫情防控和经济运行形势。会议指出，要抓紧研究提出一揽子宏观政策措施，适当提高财政赤字率，发行特别国债，增加地方政府专项债券规模，引导贷款市场利率下行。</p><p><span word="Xi">Xi</span> <span word="Jinping">Jinping</span>, <span word="general">general</span> <span word="secretary">secretary</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Communist">Communist</span> <span word="Party">Party</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="China">China</span> (<span word="CPC">CPC</span>) <span word="Central">Central</span> <span word="Committee">Committee</span>, <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Friday">Friday</span> <span word="chaired">chaired</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Political">Political</span> <span word="Bureau">Bureau</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="CPC">CPC</span> <span word="Central">Central</span> <span word="Committee">Committee</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="analyze">analyze</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="COVID">COVID</span>-19 <span word="response">response</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="performance">performance</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="package">package</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="macro">macro</span> <span word="policies">policies</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="measures">measures</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="introduced">introduced</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="noted">noted</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="appropriately">appropriately</span> <span word="raise">raise</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fiscal">fiscal</span> <span word="deficit">deficit</span> <span word="ratio">ratio</span>, <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="special">special</span> <span word="treasury">treasury</span> <span word="bonds">bonds</span>, <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="scale">scale</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="special">special</span> <span word="bonds">bonds</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="governments">governments</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="guide">guide</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="decline">decline</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="loan">loan</span> <span word="market">market</span>.</p><p> 2020年3月28日，河北省沙河市一家企业的玻璃自动生产线已经复工。特别国债指专门服务于特定政策、支持特定项目需要的国债，不计入财政赤字。我国此前仅发行过两次，此次为时隔13年重启发行。1998年，财政部向工农中建四大行定向发行了2700亿元特别国债，用于补充资本金；2007年，财政部发行约1.55万亿元特别国债，用于购买外汇作为即将成立的中国投资有限责任公司的资本金。2017年，部分2007年发行的国债又进行了定向续作。</p><p>相较前两次，本次特别国债的发行背景是当前经济受到疫情影响，财政收入下行，支出压力上升。为发挥财政逆周期调节，弥补财政支出不足，特殊情况下需要采取稳定经济的特别手段。</p>
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