翻译中的否定转移和形肯意否
<p>三．否定转移</p><p>英语“否定转移”现象不仅是一种常见的语言现象，也是英语语言的一种惯用法，同时也体现了英汉两种语言在表达否定方面存在一定的差异。因此也是翻译中的一大难点，以下是几种常见的否定转移句式：</p><p><span word="not">not</span> …<span word="because">because</span>/<span word="by">by</span> 形式上否定的是主句部分，意义上否定的却是<span word="because">because</span>之后的内容，译为“并不是/并非因为…”。</p><p><span word="He">He</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="wear">wear</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="overcoat">overcoat</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="weather">weather</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="cold">cold</span>.</p><p>并不是因为天气冷他才穿大衣。</p><p><span word="We">We</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="deny">deny</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="merely">merely</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="qualified">qualified</span>.</p><p>我们并非因为这个人不够条件才拒绝他的。</p><p><span word="He">He</span> <span word="wasn">wasn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="arrested">arrested</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="lack">lack</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="information">information</span>.</p><p>他并不是因为缺乏必要的信息而被捕的。</p><p>试比较：</p><p>①<span word="He">He</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="sick">sick</span>.他没去学校，因为他生病了。</p><p>②<span word="He">He</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="likes">likes</span> <span word="to">to</span>.他不是因为喜欢才去锻炼的。</p><p>一般来说，判断否定是否转移要根据上下文来定，第①句如果译为“他不是因为生病才去学校的”就不符合常理了。</p><p>否定主句转译为否定从句</p><p>（1）当主句的谓语为表示看法的动词时，宾语从句的否定词往往移到主句，这类动词有：<span word="believe">believe</span>, <span word="think">think</span>, <span word="suppose">suppose</span>, <span word="expect">expect</span>, <span word="imagine">imagine</span>, <span word="reckon">reckon</span>等。</p>
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