反安慰剂效应，一种心理学陷阱
<p><span word="You">You</span>'<span word="ve">ve</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="placebo">placebo</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>.</p><p>你可能听说过安慰剂效应。</p><p><span word="But">But</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="aware">aware</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nocebo">nocebo</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="negative">negative</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="reaction">reaction</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="suggestive">suggestive</span> <span word="harm">harm</span>?</p><p>但你知道“反安慰剂效应”吗？它指的是，人的身体在被暗示一个潜在伤害之后，能产生一个负面的生理反应。</p><p><span word="If">If</span> <span word="someone">someone</span> <span word="gives">gives</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cup">cup</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sugar">sugar</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="telling">telling</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="sugar">sugar</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="tells">tells</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="vomit">vomit</span>, <span word="chances">chances</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span>'<span word="re">re</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="gonna">gonna</span> <span word="vomit">vomit</span>.</p><p>如果有人给你一杯糖水，却不告诉你这是糖水，而是告诉你这个东西会让你呕吐，你喝了以后很有可能就会真的呕吐。</p><p><span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="mind">mind</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="create">create</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="reality">reality</span>.</p><p>你的身体有能力创造它自己的生理现实。</p><p><span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="yawn">yawn</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="yawn">yawn</span>?</p><p>为什么我们看见别人打哈欠的时候也会打哈欠？</p><p><span word="Throughout">Throughout</span> <span word="history">history</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="incidents">incidents</span>: <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dancing">dancing</span> <span word="plague">plague</span> <span word="of">of</span> 1518, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Tanganyika">Tanganyika</span> <span word="laughter">laughter</span> <span word="epidemic">epidemic</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Hindu">Hindu</span> <span word="milk">milk</span> <span word="miracle">miracle</span>.</p><p>纵览历史可以发现很多这样的案例：1518年的舞蹈瘟疫、坦噶尼喀的笑声传染病、印度的牛奶奇迹。</p><p><span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="stress">stress</span> <span word="response">response</span>.</p><p>有些人相信这是一些对压力产生的反映。</p><p><span word="But">But</span> <span word="psychologists">psychologists</span> <span word="call">call</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="conversion">conversion</span> <span word="disorder">disorder</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="converts">converts</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mental">mental</span> <span word="stress">stress</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="symptoms">symptoms</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="spasm">spasm</span>.</p>
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