淘宝村缓解中国城市化痼疾
<p><span word="Behind">Behind</span> <span word="China">China</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="impressive">impressive</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="biggest">biggest</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="migration">migration</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="history">history</span>. <span word="By">By</span> 2013, <span word="some">some</span> 269<span word="m">m</span> <span word="rural">rural</span> <span word="residents">residents</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="migrant">migrant</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="cities">cities</span>, <span word="offering">offering</span> <span word="cheap">cheap</span> <span word="labour">labour</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sustaining">sustaining</span> <span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="growth">growth</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="unable">unable</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="register">register</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="settle">settle</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cities">cities</span>, <span word="these">these</span> <span word="migrant">migrant</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="forced">forced</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="behind">behind</span> <span word="children">children</span>, <span word="spouses">spouses</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="villages">villages</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tremendous">tremendous</span> <span word="toll">toll</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rural">rural</span> <span word="society">society</span>.</p><p>在中国令人叹为观止的经济增长背后，是历史上最大规模的人口流动。截至2013年，约有2.69亿农民进城当了农民工，给城市提供了廉价劳动力，支撑着城市的发展。然而，由于无法在城市落户和接家人来城市定居，这些农民工不得不将孩子、配偶和老人留在村子里。这给农村社会带来了严重损害。</p><p><span word="Today">Today</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> 61<span word="m">m</span> “<span word="left">left</span>-<span word="behind">behind</span> <span word="children">children</span>” <span word="and">and</span> 40<span word="m">m</span> “<span word="left">left</span>-<span word="behind">behind</span> <span word="elderly">elderly</span>” <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="villages">villages</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> 79 <span word="per">per</span> <span word="cent">cent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="left">left</span>-<span word="behind">behind</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="grandparents">grandparents</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="uneducated">uneducated</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="lack">lack</span> <span word="parenting">parenting</span> <span word="resources">resources</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="energy">energy</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="result">result</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="academic">academic</span> <span word="scores">scores</span> <span word="of">of</span> 88 <span word="per">per</span> <span word="cent">cent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="fall">fall</span> <span word="below">below</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passing">passing</span> <span word="line">line</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="cities">cities</span>.</p><p>如今，中国农村有6100万“留守儿童”、4000万“留守老人”。近79%的留守儿童由祖父母照料。这些老人往往没念过书，也缺乏养育孩子的资源和精力。结果，88%的留守儿童的学习成绩达不到城市里的及格线。</p>
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