2017诺贝尔奖压轴戏,博弈论再摘经济学奖
<p><span word="TWO">TWO</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="awarded">awarded</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Nobel">Nobel</span> <span word="economics">economics</span> <span word="prize">prize</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="matchmaking">matchmaking</span> <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="doctors">doctors</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="coupled">coupled</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="hospitals">hospitals</span>, <span word="students">students</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="schools">schools</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="organs">organs</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="transplant">transplant</span> <span word="recipients">recipients</span>.</p><p>两名美国人因研究医生与医院、学生与学校和人体器官与被移植者之间的有效匹配，昨天被授予诺贝尔经济学奖。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Alvin">Alvin</span> <span word="Roth">Roth</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Lloyd">Lloyd</span> <span word="Shapley">Shapley</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="sparked">sparked</span> <span word="a">a</span> "<span word="flourishing">flourishing</span> <span word="field">field</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="research">research</span>" <span word="and">and</span> <span word="helped">helped</span> <span word="improve">improve</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="performance">performance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="markets">markets</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Royal">Royal</span> <span word="Swedish">Swedish</span> <span word="Academy">Academy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Sciences">Sciences</span> <span word="said">said</span>.</p><p>阿尔文・罗思和劳埃德・沙普利的工作鼓舞了“蓬勃发展的研究领域”，并帮助改善了许多市场上的表现，瑞典皇家科学院说。</p><p><span word="Roth">Roth</span>, 60, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="professor">professor</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Harvard">Harvard</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Boston">Boston</span>. <span word="Shapley">Shapley</span>, 89, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="professor">professor</span> <span word="emeritus">emeritus</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="California">California</span> <span word="Los">Los</span> <span word="Angeles">Angeles</span>.</p><p>现年60岁的罗斯是位于波士顿的哈佛大学的教授，而89岁的沙普利是美国加州大学洛杉矶分校的教授。</p><p>"<span word="This">This</span> <span word="year">year</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="prize">prize</span> <span word="concerns">concerns</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="central">central</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>: <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="match">match</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="agents">agents</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="possible">possible</span>," <span word="the">the</span> <span word="academy">academy</span> <span word="said">said</span>.</p><p>科学院说：“今年的诺奖关注的是经济学的一个中心问题：如何尽可能适当地匹配不同市场主体。”</p><p><span word="Shapley">Shapley</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="theoretical">theoretical</span> <span word="inroads">inroads</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="subject">subject</span>, <span word="using">using</span> <span word="game">game</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="analyze">analyze</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="matching">matching</span> <span word="methods">methods</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1950<span word="s">s</span> <span word="and">and</span> 1960<span word="s">s</span>. <span word="Together">Together</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="US">US</span> <span word="economist">economist</span> <span word="David">David</span> <span word="Gale">Gale</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mathematical">mathematical</span> <span word="formula">formula</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="how">how</span> 10 <span word="men">men</span> <span word="and">and</span> 10 <span word="women">women</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="coupled">coupled</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="benefit">benefit</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="trading">trading</span> <span word="partners">partners</span>. <span word="While">While</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="impact">impact</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="marriages">marriages</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="divorces">divorces</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="algorithm">algorithm</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="markets">markets</span>.</p>
页:
[1]