双语阅读：大多数人都是严以律人，宽以待己
<p>要想理解归因这个概念，我们来想象一下：一位新朋友和你约了喝咖啡，但后来取消了这次计划。你会认为是有什么不可抗的事情发生了呢？还是认为这个新朋友自己有问题呢？那些研究归因的心理学家关注的就是你会如何回答这个问题。</p><p><span word="Edward">Edward</span> <span word="Jones">Jones</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Keith">Keith</span> <span word="Davis">Davis</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="correspondent">correspondent</span> <span word="inference">inference</span> <span word="theory">theory</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="someone">someone</span> <span word="behaves">behaves</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="socially">socially</span> <span word="desirable">desirable</span> <span word="way">way</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="infer">infer</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span>.</p><p>爱德华·琼斯和吉斯·戴维斯则发展出了一套理论：相互推测理论。这个理论认为：如果一个人表现出来的行为是社会希望看到的，我们就不会对这个人本身做出太多推测。</p><p><span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="friend">friend</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pencil">pencil</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="gives">gives</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="you">you</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="infer">infer</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="friend">friend</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="character">character</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span>, <span word="because">because</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="situation">situation</span>—<span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="socially">socially</span> <span word="desirable">desirable</span> <span word="response">response</span>.</p><p>比如，你向你的一个朋友借一支铅笔，而她借给你了，你就不会因为这个行为而对你朋友的性格做出太多推测，因为大部分人在这个情况下都会这么做，这是社会期望看到的行为。</p><p><span word="However">However</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="friend">friend</span> <span word="refuses">refuses</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="borrow">borrow</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pencil">pencil</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="infer">infer</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="innate">innate</span> <span word="characteristics">characteristics</span> <span word="due">due</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="socially">socially</span> <span word="undesirable">undesirable</span> <span word="response">response</span>.</p><p>而如果你的朋友拒绝借给你铅笔，你就可能开始对她的性格进行推测了，因为这种行为是社会不希望看到的。</p>
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