安全：到底是safety，还是security？
<p>公安部的英文表达是<span word="Ministry">Ministry</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Public">Public</span> <span word="Security">Security</span>，这里的“公安”指“公共安全”，那么，这里的<span word="security">security</span>能不能用<span word="safety">safety</span>来替换？</p><p>还有，过去几年，我们屡次被“食品安全”事件刷屏，也引发了一些恐慌，英文报道中关于这样的事件一般都用<span word="food">food</span> <span word="safety">safety</span>表示；而如果你看到了<span word="food">food</span> <span word="security">security</span>这个说法，那么文章讨论的一定不是三聚氰胺之类的问题，而是粮食供应短缺或者极端天气导致粮食欠收之类的内容，也就是中文中对应的“粮食安全”。这二者的区别在哪里？为什么不能用同一个词表示呢？</p><p>下面，我们就来说一说<span word="security">security</span>和<span word="safety">safety</span>的区别。</p><p>先说<span word="security">security</span>。</p><p>作为“安全”来讲的时候，《牛津英语词典》对<span word="security">security</span>给出了三个方面的定义：</p><p>1. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="safety">safety</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="organization">organization</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="criminal">criminal</span> <span word="activity">activity</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="terrorism">terrorism</span>, <span word="theft">theft</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="espionage">espionage</span>（一个国家或组织免受恐怖主义、盗窃或者间谍等犯罪行为侵害的安全状态）；比如，好莱坞电影里，帅气的特工们经常挂在嘴边的一句话就是“<span word="it">it</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="national">national</span> <span word="security">security</span>”（这是事关国家安全的大事）。</p><p>2. <span word="Procedures">Procedures</span> <span word="followed">followed</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="measures">measures</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ensure">ensure</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="security">security</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="organization">organization</span>（为了确保国家或组织安全而采取的安保措施）；</p><p>比如，<span word="A">A</span> <span word="huge">huge</span> <span word="team">team</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="ensure">ensure</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="necessary">necessary</span> <span word="security">security</span> <span word="measures">measures</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="place">place</span>.（会有大队人马确保必要的安保措施到位。）</p>
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