外位语的翻译
<p>实际上指相同事物的两个词或短句拆开来出现在两个地方，用一个做句子的成分，把另外一个放在句外。我们就把这个居于结构之外的成分叫外位语，那个结构之内的成分叫本位语。举个简单的栗子”关起门来搞建设,这样是不行的”,其中”关起门来搞建设”是外位语,”这”是本位语,对于这类句子我们主要有两种方法:”译出来”和”译进去”.</p><p>一,译出来</p><p>所谓”译出来”即将外位语译成一个独立的成分与主句分离,分以下三种情况</p><p>1,译成外位语结构</p><p>如:</p><p>然而朋友们把多量的同情，多量的爱，多量的欢乐，多量的眼泪分了给我，这些东西都是生存所必需的。</p><p><span word="My">My</span> <span word="friends">friends</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="quantities">quantities</span> <span word="sympathy">sympathy</span>, <span word="love">love</span>, <span word="joy">joy</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tears">tears</span>—<span word="things">things</span> <span word="essential">essential</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="existence">existence</span>.</p><p>有喜有忧，有笑有泪，有花有实，有香有色，既须劳动 ,又长见识 ,这就是养花的乐趣。(老舍:《养花》)</p><p><span word="Joy">Joy</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sorrow">sorrow</span>, <span word="laughter">laughter</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tears">tears</span>, <span word="flowers">flowers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fruit">fruit</span> ,<span word="fragrance">fragrance</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="color">color</span>, <span word="manual">manual</span> <span word="labor">labor</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="joy">joy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="flower">flower</span> <span word="cultivation">cultivation</span>.</p><p>以上两例,都是套用汉语中含有外位语结构的句子框架来翻译。</p><p>2,译为独立的一个句子或者是并列句</p><p>有些朋友，连他们的名字我以前也不知道，他们却关心我的健康，处处打听我的“病况”，直到他们看见了我那被日光晒黑了的脸和膀子，他们才放心地微笑了，这种情形的确值得人掉泪。</p>
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