2016届高考英语一轮复习课件：第二部分 语法专项专练专题七 代词和it的用法(北师大版)
<p> 2．<span word="it">it</span>，<span word="that">that</span>，<span word="one">one</span>，<span word="those">those</span>的区别 (1)<span word="it">it</span>意为“它”，特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> <span word="garden">garden</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="front">front</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="it">it</span>.(2009·四川高考) (2)<span word="that">that</span>用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于<span word="the">the</span>＋单数/不可数名词。 <span word="Few">Few</span> <span word="pleasures">pleasures</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="equal">equal</span> <span word="that">that</span> (＝ <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pleasure">pleasure</span>) <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cool">cool</span> <span word="drink">drink</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hot">hot</span> <span word="day">day</span>. (3)<span word="one">one</span>用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于<span word="a">a</span>/<span word="an">an</span>＋单数名词；<span word="ones">ones</span>用来替代前面出现的复数名词，也是泛指概念；<span word="the">the</span> <span word="one">one</span>用来替代前面的特指的单数名词，有时可用<span word="that">that</span>替代(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)；<span word="the">the</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>用来替代前面的特指的复数名词，有时可用<span word="those">those</span>替代(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)。 <span word="Helping">Helping</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="habit">habit</span>，<span word="one">one</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="age">age</span>. —<span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="short">short</span> <span word="break">break</span>? —<span word="Didn">Didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="one">one</span> (＝ <span word="a">a</span> <span word="break">break</span>)? <span word="Students">Students</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="examinations">examinations</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="those">those</span>/<span word="the">the</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="questions">questions</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="class">class</span>. 3．<span word="no">no</span> <span word="one">one</span>，<span word="nobody">nobody</span>，<span word="none">none</span>，<span word="nothing">nothing</span>的区别 (1)<span word="no">no</span> <span word="one">one</span>，<span word="nobody">nobody</span>表“没有人；谁也不”，只指人，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。常可用来回答<span word="who">who</span>引导的问句。 <span word="Charles">Charles</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="alone">alone</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="home">home</span>，<span word="with">with</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="him">him</span>. (2)<span word="none">none</span>“没人；没有任何东西”，既可指人，也可指物。<span word="none">none</span>后可接<span word="of">of</span>短语，常用来回答<span word="how">how</span> <span word="many">many</span>/<span word="much">much</span>的问题。 —<span word="How">How</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span>? —<span word="None">None</span> (<span word="of">of</span> <span word="us">us</span>)． (3)<span word="nothing">nothing</span>意为“没有东西”，一般回答<span word="what">what</span>。 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="smile">smile</span> <span word="costs">costs</span> <span word="nothing">nothing</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="gives">gives</span> <span word="much">much</span>.(2017·重庆高考) 4．<span word="all">all</span>，<span word="both">both</span>，<span word="either">either</span>，<span word="neither">neither</span>，<span word="none">none</span>的区别 (1)<span word="all">all</span>指所有的人或物，表示“(三者或三者以上)全部；都”。 <span word="All">All</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="peace">peace</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="quiet">quiet</span>. (2)<span word="both">both</span>表示“两者都”。 —<span word="Did">Did</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="London">London</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="Paris">Paris</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="year">year</span>? —<span word="We">We</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="both">both</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="week">week</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="London">London</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="weeks">weeks</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Paris">Paris</span>. (3)<span word="either">either</span>表示“(两者中)任何一个”。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="temper">temper</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="war">war</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="again">again</span>. (4)<span word="neither">neither</span>表示“(两者)都不”。 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="tried">tried</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="methods">methods</span>，<span word="yet">yet</span> <span word="neither">neither</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="seemed">seemed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="well">well</span>. 5．<span word="each">each</span>和<span word="every">every</span>的区别 (1)<span word="each">each</span>和<span word="every">every</span>都表示“每个”的意思，但<span word="each">each</span>侧重个体，可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。<span word="every">every</span>侧重全体，相当于汉语的“每个都”，在句中只作定语。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="tickets">tickets</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="dollars">dollars</span>.(同位语) <span word="Every">Every</span> <span word="dog">dog</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="day">day</span>.(定语) (2)<span word="each">each</span>代指两个或两个以上的人/物，而<span word="every">every</span>需指三个或三个以上的人/物。 <span word="Each">Each</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="won">won</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="prize">prize</span>. <span word="Every">Every</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="pleased">pleased</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="news">news</span>. 6．<span word="few">few</span>，<span word="little">little</span>和<span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span>的区别 <span word="few">few</span>和<span word="little">little</span>表示“很少的……”，含否定意义；而<span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span>与<span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span>表示“一些……”，含肯定意义。<span word="few">few</span>和<span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span>代替可数名词，<span word="little">little</span>和<span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span>代替不可数名词。在句中用作主语或宾语。 <span word="Of">Of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="guests">guests</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="knows">knows</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span>. <span word="Few">Few</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="famous">famous</span>. 【悟一悟→参透误区】 这组词更多用作形容词，在句中作定语。<span word="few">few</span>与<span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span>修饰复数可数名词；<span word="little">little</span>，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span>修饰不可数名词。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="friends">friends</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="lives">lives</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lonely">lonely</span> <span word="life">life</span>. [学以致用] Ⅰ.用适当的代词填空 1．(2017·安徽高考)<span word="You">You</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="help">help</span>.________ <span word="here">here</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="willing">willing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="lend">lend</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hand">hand</span>. 2．(2017·江苏高考)<span word="Good">Good</span> <span word="families">families</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="members">members</span>，<span word="but">but</span> ________<span word="to">to</span> <span word="none">none</span>. 3．(2017·江西高考)—<span word="When">When</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="call">call</span>，<span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="morning">morning</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span>? —________. <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="day">day</span>. 4．(2017·江西高考)________<span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="for">for</span> 40 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="love">love</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 5．(2017·辽宁高考)<span word="To">To</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="joy">joy</span>，<span word="Della">Della</span> <span word="earned">earned</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="trust">trust</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span>________<span word="of">of</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span>. 6．(2017·山东高考)<span word="I">I</span>’<span word="ve">ve</span> <span word="lived">lived</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="York">York</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Chicago">Chicago</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="like">like</span>________<span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="much">much</span>. 7．(2017·陕西高考)<span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="Rosemary">Rosemary</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="suffered">suffered</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="illness">illness</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="years">years</span>，<span word="she">she</span> <span word="lost">lost</span>________<span word="of">of</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="enthusiasm">enthusiasm</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="life">life</span>. 8．(2017·四川高考)<span word="The">The</span> <span word="traffic">traffic</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="streets">streets</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="green">green</span> <span word="signal">signal</span> <span word="than">than</span>________<span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="ones">ones</span>. 9．(2017·天津高考)<span word="At">At</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="factory">factory</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="machines">machines</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="to">to</span>________<span word="described">described</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="magazine">magazine</span>. 10．(2017·重庆高考)<span word="Recycling">Recycling</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="protect">protect</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="environment">environment</span>；<span word="reusing">reusing</span> <span word="is">is</span>________． 11．(2017·浙江高考)<span word="Half">Half</span> <span word="of">of</span>________<span word="surveyed">surveyed</span> <span word="in">in</span> 16 <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="closest">closest</span> <span word="friend">friend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="share">share</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="deepest">deepest</span> <span word="wishes">wishes</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="darkest">darkest</span> <span word="fears">fears</span>. 12．(2017·江苏高考)<span word="Sophia">Sophia</span> <span word="waited">waited</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="reply">reply</span>，<span word="but">but</span>________<span word="came">came</span>. 13．(2017·新课标全国卷)<span word="Larry">Larry</span> <span word="asks">asks</span> <span word="Bill">Bill</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Peter">Peter</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="picnic">picnic</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="him">him</span>，<span word="but">but</span>________<span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="wants">wants</span> <span word="to">to</span>，<span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>. 14．(2017·江西高考)<span word="My">My</span> <span word="brother">brother</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="watch">watch</span> <span word="but">but</span>________<span word="was">was</span> <span word="available">available</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="shop">shop</span>. 15．(2017·浙江高考)<span word="Studying">Studying</span> <span word="Wendy">Wendy</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="menu">menu</span>，<span word="I">I</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="items">items</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="to">to</span>________<span word="of">of</span> <span word="McDonald">McDonald</span>’<span word="s">s</span>. 16．(2017·上海高考)<span word="When">When</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="gloves">gloves</span> <span word="off">off</span>，<span word="I">I</span> <span word="noticed">noticed</span> <span word="that">that</span>________<span word="one">one</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="inside">inside</span>. 答案 1.<span word="Everyone">Everyone</span> 2.<span word="everything">everything</span> 3.<span word="Either">Either</span> 4.<span word="Nobody">Nobody</span> 5.<span word="that">that</span> 6.<span word="either">either</span> 7.<span word="none">none</span> 8.<span word="that">that</span> 9.<span word="those">those</span> 10.<span word="another">another</span> 11．<span word="those">those</span> 12.<span word="none">none</span> 13.<span word="neither">neither</span> 14.<span word="none">none</span> 15.<span word="those">those</span> 16.<span word="each">each</span></p>
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