【3年高考2年模拟】2016届高三英语一轮复习课件 语法专练三 定语从句
<p> 你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗? (6)当主句的主语是疑问词<span word="who">who</span>或<span word="which">which</span>时。如: <span word="Which">Which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bike">bike</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="lost">lost</span>? 哪辆是你丢的自行车? <span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="won">won</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gold">gold</span> <span word="medal">medal</span>? 赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁? (7)有两个定语从句时,其中一个关系代词宜用<span word="which">which</span>,另外一个宜用<span word="that">that</span>。 如: <span word="They">They</span> <span word="secretly">secretly</span> <span word="built">built</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="factory">factory</span>,<span word="which">which</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span>. 他们偷偷地建了一家小工厂,这家工厂生产的东西可能会造成污染。 (8)当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词在从句中关系代词也作表语时。 如: <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>. 上海不再是过去的那座城市了。 2.当先行词指事/物时,定语从句中关系代词必须用<span word="which">which</span>的情况: (1)在非限制性定语从句中,只用<span word="which">which</span>,不用<span word="that">that</span>。如: <span word="Helen">Helen</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="kinder">kinder</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="youngest">youngest</span> <span word="son">son</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="others">others</span>,<span word="which">which</span>, <span word="of">of</span> <span word="course">course</span>,<span word="made">made</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="envy">envy</span> <span word="him">him</span>. 海伦对最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多,这一点当然让其他的儿子很嫉妒。</p><p> (2)当动词短语中的介词提前时,只用<span word="which">which</span>,不用<span word="that">that</span>。如: <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="Lu">Lu</span> <span word="Xun">Xun</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="lived">lived</span>. 这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。 注意:在一些固定搭配的动词短语中,由于动词和介词不可分割,因此不能 把介词置于关系代词之前。如: <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pen">pen</span>(<span word="which">which</span>/<span word="that">that</span>)<span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="for">for</span>. 这是我正在寻找的那支钢笔。 不可以说:<span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pen">pen</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="m">m</span> <span word="looking">looking</span>. (三)关系代词<span word="who">who</span>,<span word="whom">whom</span>,<span word="that">that</span>和<span word="whose">whose</span>的用法 当先行词指人:①关系词在定语从句中作主语时,用<span word="who">who</span>/<span word="that">that</span>,不可省略;②关 系词在定语从句中作宾语时,用<span word="whom">whom</span>/<span word="who">who</span>/<span word="that">that</span>,可以省略;③关系词在定语 从句中作定语时,用<span word="whose">whose</span>,不可省略。如: <span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="who">who</span>/<span word="that">that</span> <span word="lives">lives</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="door">door</span>.(关系词在定语从句中作主语)她就是 住在隔壁的女孩。 <span word="That">That</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> (<span word="whom">whom</span>/<span word="who">who</span>/<span word="that">that</span>) <span word="I">I</span> <span word="teach">teach</span>.(关系词在定语从句中作宾语)那就 是我教的女孩。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="scientist">scientist</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="achievements">achievements</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="known">known</span>.(关系词在定语从句 中作定语)这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="window">window</span> <span word="broke">broke</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span>. =<span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="house">house</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="window">window</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="broke">broke</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span>. =<span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="house">house</span>,<span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="window">window</span> <span word="broke">broke</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span>. 这就是昨晚窗户坏了的那所房子。 (四)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时,关系代词只能用<span word="which">which</span>或<span word="whom">whom</span>,并且不能 省略。如: <span word="He">He</span> <span word="paid">paid</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> $10 <span word="for">for</span> <span word="washing">washing</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="windows">windows</span>,<span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="hadn">hadn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="year">year</span>. 他付给那个男孩10美元擦洗10个窗户,这10个窗户中大部分至少一年没擦 了。 <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dark">dark</span> <span word="street">street</span>,<span word="there">there</span> <span word="wasn">wasn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="single">single</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="help">help</span>. 在黑暗的街道上,她没有一个可以求助的人。 2.在限制性定语从句中,当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用<span word="that">that</span>/<span word="which">which</span>(指 物),<span word="that">that</span>/<span word="whom">whom</span>/<span word="who">who</span>(指人)作介词的宾语,而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以 省略。如: <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hero">hero</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="proud">proud</span> <span word="of">of</span>. 这是我们引以为荣的那个英雄。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pen">pen</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wrote">wrote</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="letter">letter</span> <span word="with">with</span>. 这是我写信时用的那支钢笔。 3.“介词短语+关系代词<span word="which">which</span>”引导的定语从句,这种结构引导的定语从 句常与先行词用逗号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序。如: <span word="He">He</span> <span word="lived">lived</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="house">house</span>,<span word="in">in</span> <span word="front">front</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="stood">stood</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="tall">tall</span> <span word="tree">tree</span>. 他住在一所大房子里,房子前面有一棵大树。 4.介词+<span word="which">which</span>/<span word="whom">whom</span>+不定式结构。如: <span word="The">The</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="live">live</span>. =<span word="The">The</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="in">in</span>. =<span word="The">The</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="live">live</span>. 那个穷人没房子住。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="beggar">beggar</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="food">food</span>. =<span word="The">The</span> <span word="beggar">beggar</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="with">with</span>. =<span word="The">The</span> <span word="beggar">beggar</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="with">with</span>. 那个乞丐没钱买吃的。 (五)关系代词<span word="as">as</span>引导的定语从句 关系代词<span word="as">as</span>既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句,<span word="as">as</span> 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式: 1. </p>
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