2017届高考英语（课标全国）一轮复习课件：语法突破 第3讲
<p> 国籍、产地 材料、用途 被修饰的名词 <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="stone">stone</span> <span word="bridge">bridge</span> 中国最古老的漂亮的小石桥 <span word="cotton">cotton</span> <span word="shirt">shirt</span> 他的新的灰色棉衬衫 <span word="memorial">memorial</span> <span word="envelopes">envelopes</span> 所有的蓝色纪念封 <span word="plastic">plastic</span> <span word="bags">bags</span> 10个结实的黑色塑料袋 <span word="French">French</span></p><p> <span word="skirt">skirt</span> 如此漂亮的红色法式女裙 <span word="wooden">wooden</span> <span word="table">table</span> 第三张褐色圆木桌 <span word="Russian">Russian</span> <span word="men">men</span> 这两位身材高大的俄罗斯老人 特别提醒： 1.若有两个或两个以上的颜色形容词修饰同一个名词，须用<span word="and">and</span>连接，例如：<span word="a">a</span> <span word="black">black</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="white">white</span> <span word="dress">dress</span>一条黑白相间的裙子，<span word="a">a</span> <span word="red">red</span>，<span word="green">green</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="yellow">yellow</span> <span word="flag">flag</span>一面红、绿、黄三色相间的旗子。 2.多个形容词并列时往往短词在前，长词在后，其间一般不加逗号，有时为了强调同等重要可加逗号。 二、形容词作定语后置的几种情况 当形容词修饰不定代词<span word="one">one</span>，<span word="no">no</span>，<span word="any">any</span>，<span word="some">some</span>和<span word="every">every</span>构成的复合词，如：<span word="something">something</span>，<span word="anything">anything</span>，<span word="nothing">nothing</span>时 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="you">you</span>. 当“形容词＋介词短语/不定式”构成的短语作定语时 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="answer">answer</span>. 当两个意义相近或相反的形容词用<span word="both">both</span>...<span word="and">and</span>...，<span word="and">and</span>，<span word="or">or</span>或<span word="but">but</span>连接在一起作定语时 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="required">required</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="interesting">interesting</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="instructive">instructive</span>. 形容词如：<span word="alive">alive</span>，<span word="afraid">afraid</span>，<span word="awake">awake</span>，<span word="alone">alone</span>，<span word="asleep">asleep</span>，<span word="worth">worth</span>等作定语时，常放于被修饰词的后面 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="baby">baby</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="asleep">asleep</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="awake">awake</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="soon">soon</span>. 当<span word="old">old</span>，<span word="long">long</span>，<span word="high">high</span>，<span word="wide">wide</span>，<span word="deep">deep</span>等词附有数量词短语作定语时 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="peasants">peasants</span> <span word="dug">dug</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="fifty">fifty</span> <span word="metres">metres</span> <span word="deep">deep</span>. 三、表语形容词 表语形容词(如：<span word="afraid">afraid</span>，<span word="alone">alone</span>，<span word="awake">awake</span>，<span word="asleep">asleep</span>，<span word="alive">alive</span>，<span word="alike">alike</span>，<span word="ashamed">ashamed</span>，<span word="well">well</span>，<span word="sorry">sorry</span>，<span word="unable">unable</span>，<span word="worth">worth</span>，<span word="sure">sure</span>)并非只能作表语，它们还可以作补足语，有的还可作后置定语(一般不作前置定语)。 常见表语形容词如下： 表示健康方面的词：<span word="well">well</span>，<span word="unwell">unwell</span>，<span word="ill">ill</span>，<span word="faint">faint</span> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="ill">ill</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="feels">feels</span> <span word="faint">faint</span>. <span word="sorry">sorry</span>，<span word="glad">glad</span>，<span word="fond">fond</span>，<span word="sure">sure</span>，<span word="worth">worth</span>，<span word="mistaken">mistaken</span>等 <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="glad">glad</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="fond">fond</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="subject">subject</span>. 大多以字母<span word="a">a</span>开头的形容词：<span word="afraid">afraid</span>，<span word="alive">alive</span>，<span word="asleep">asleep</span>，<span word="awake">awake</span>，<span word="ashamed">ashamed</span>，<span word="alone">alone</span>，<span word="alike">alike</span>，<span word="ahead">ahead</span>等 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="baby">baby</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="asleep">asleep</span> <span word="now">now</span>. 四、形容词作状语 形容词作状语表示伴随或结果。说明主语所处的状态，并不表达动作的方式。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bed">bed</span>，<span word="cold">cold</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="hungry">hungry</span>. 他又冷又饿地去睡觉了。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="lay">lay</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="bed">bed</span>，<span word="wide">wide</span> <span word="awake">awake</span>. 他醒着躺在床上。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="returned">returned</span> <span word="home">home</span>，<span word="safe">safe</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sound">sound</span>. 他回到了家，安然无恙。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="standing">standing</span> <span word="there">there</span>，<span word="full">full</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fear">fear</span>. 他站在那里，充满了恐惧。 Ⅱ.副词 一、两种形式的副词 有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀“－<span word="ly">ly</span>”。这两种形式的副词表示的意义大不相同，应加以分辨。 <span word="close">close</span>接近(指距离)—<span word="closely">closely</span>仔细地，密切地 <span word="free">free</span>免费—<span word="freely">freely</span>自由地，自如地 <span word="deep">deep</span>深—<span word="deeply">deeply</span>深刻地，深入地，深深地 <span word="hard">hard</span>努力—<span word="hardly">hardly</span>几乎不 <span word="wide">wide</span>宽阔—<span word="widely">widely</span>广泛地 <span word="high">high</span>高—<span word="highly">highly</span>高度地 <span word="late">late</span>晚，迟—<span word="lately">lately</span>近来 <span word="near">near</span>邻近—<span word="nearly">nearly</span>几乎 <span word="most">most</span>最—<span word="mostly">mostly</span>主要地，绝大多数地 <span word="firm">firm</span>稳固地—<span word="firmly">firmly</span>坚固地 <span word="Deep">Deep</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="thought">thought</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="notice">notice</span> <span word="me">me</span>. 陷入沉思中，他没注意到我。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="deeply">deeply</span> <span word="moved">moved</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="moving">moving</span> <span word="story">story</span>. 他被这个感人的故事深深地感动了。 二、有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。 <span word="Fortunately">Fortunately</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="drowned">drowned</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="saved">saved</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="PLA">PLA</span>. 幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。 <span word="Happily">Happily</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="her">her</span>，<span word="her">her</span> <span word="stepmother">stepmother</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="her">her</span>. 使她高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。 <span word="Obviously">Obviously</span>，<span word="your">your</span> <span word="answer">answer</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="absolutely">absolutely</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span>. 很显然，你的答案绝对错了。 <span word="Naturally">Naturally</span>，<span word="you">you</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="discuss">discuss</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="parents">parents</span>. 自然，你想和你的父母商量一下此事。 三、<span word="can">can</span> <span word="not">not</span>/<span word="never">never</span>与<span word="enough">enough</span>或<span word="too">too</span>连用表示“无论怎样都不过分；越……越好”。 <span word="You">You</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="careful">careful</span> <span word="enough">enough</span>/<span word="too">too</span> <span word="careful">careful</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="study">study</span>. 在学习方面，你再细心也不过分。 —<span word="Mary">Mary</span>，<span word="look">look</span>，<span word="what">what</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="find">find</span>? ——玛丽，你看，我找到什么了？ —<span word="Oh">Oh</span>，<span word="my">my</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="key">key</span>？<span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="thank">thank</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="much">much</span>.(＝<span word="I">I</span> <span word="can">can</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="thank">thank</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="enough">enough</span>.) ——噢，我丢失的钥匙？太感谢你了。 Ⅲ.形容词和副词比较级的用法 一、平级比较 句型 典句示例 用<span word="as">as</span>...<span word="as">as</span>...；<span word="not">not</span> <span word="as">as</span>/<span word="so">so</span>...<span word="as">as</span>...；<span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="as">as</span>...；<span word="such">such</span>...<span word="as">as</span>...引导 <span word="Henry">Henry</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="worker">worker</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="Peter">Peter</span>(<span word="is">is</span>)． ＝<span word="Henry">Henry</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="worker">worker</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="Peter">Peter</span>(<span word="is">is</span>)． ＝<span word="Henry">Henry</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="worker">worker</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="Peter">Peter</span>(<span word="is">is</span>)． <span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="as">as</span> 2,000 <span word="books">books</span>. <span word="Henry">Henry</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="so">so</span>/<span word="as">as</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span>. <span word="His">His</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="father">father</span>’<span word="s">s</span>(<span word="name">name</span>)． <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="generally">generally</span> <span word="believed">believed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="art">art</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="science">science</span>. 句型 典句示例 <span word="as">as</span>＋形容词＋<span word="as">as</span>＋数量词＝数量词＋形容词，但表示强调 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="building">building</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="tall">tall</span> <span word="as">as</span> 100 <span word="meters">meters</span>. ＝<span word="The">The</span> <span word="building">building</span> <span word="is">is</span> 100 <span word="meters">meters</span> <span word="tall">tall</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="deep">deep</span> <span word="as">as</span> 130 <span word="meters">meters</span>. ＝<span word="The">The</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="is">is</span> 130 <span word="meters">meters</span> <span word="deep">deep</span>.</p>
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