英语北师大版一轮复习讲练：Part II 语法部分 专题7非谓语动词
<p> 专题七 非谓语动词</p><p> 一、基本分类</p><p> 非谓语动词分为三类：分词(现在分词和过去分词)、动名词和动词不定式。它们具有名词和形容词的某些特征，因而可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。</p><p> 1．分词</p><p> (1)感官动词或使役动词后的现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行，不定式作补语表示动作发生的全过程。</p><p> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="walking">walking</span> <span word="across">across</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="road">road</span>.(正在穿过马路)</p><p> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="across">across</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="road">road</span>. (看到过了马路的全过程)</p><p> (2)及物动词的过去分词(<span word="done">done</span>)与现在分词的一般被动式(<span word="being">being</span> <span word="done">done</span>)都有被动意义，前者表示动作完成，后者表示动作正在进行。</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="picture">picture</span> <span word="fixed">fixed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wall">wall</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="presented">presented</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="friend">friend</span>.(已经被钉在墙上了)</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="picture">picture</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="fixed">fixed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wall">wall</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="presented">presented</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="friend">friend</span>.(正被钉在墙上)</p><p> 注意：不定式有表将来之意。</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="picture">picture</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="fixed">fixed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wall">wall</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="presented">presented</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="friend">friend</span>.(将要被钉在墙上)</p><p> (3)分词的独立主格结构：如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，需用一个独立结构(即保留分词的逻辑主语)或者由一个<span word="with">with</span> / <span word="without">without</span>引导的介词短语表达。</p><p> <span word="Time">Time</span> <span word="permitting">permitting</span>, <span word="we">we</span>'<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="exercises">exercises</span>.</p>
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