2017高考英语冲刺讲义：四 动词和短语动词
<p> 四、动词和短语动词</p><p> 知识网络</p><p> 动词的分类 行为动词（实义动词）</p><p> ①及物动词（带宾语）：<span word="study">study</span>, <span word="develop">develop</span>;</p><p> ②不及物动词（不带宾语）<span word="work">work</span>, <span word="swim">swim</span>, <span word="go">go</span>, <span word="come">come</span></p><p> ③状态动词（相对静止）<span word="contain">contain</span>, <span word="exist">exist</span>, <span word="own">own</span>, <span word="prefer">prefer</span>, <span word="belong">belong</span></p><p> ④动作动词：延续性（<span word="work">work</span>, <span word="stay">stay</span>）；非延续性（<span word="marry">marry</span>, <span word="go">go</span>, <span word="come">come</span>）</p><p> 连系动词（汉语中没有这种词类）</p><p> 助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语）</p><p> <span word="be">be</span>(<span word="am">am</span>,<span word="is">is</span>,<span word="are">are</span>),<span word="do">do</span>(<span word="does">does</span>,<span word="did">did</span>);<span word="have">have</span>(<span word="has">has</span>);<span word="will">will</span>,<span word="would">would</span>,<span word="shall">shall</span></p><p> 情态动词</p><p> <span word="can">can</span>(<span word="could">could</span>),<span word="may">may</span>(<span word="might">might</span>),<span word="must">must</span>,<span word="shall">shall</span>(<span word="should">should</span>)</p><p> 短语动词常见的构成方式及其注意点</p><p> 动词+副词及物不及物</p><p> <span word="Please">Please</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="light">light</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="off">off</span>. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。<span word="Harry">Harry</span> <span word="turned">turned</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="party">party</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="everyone">everyone</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="left">left</span>.</p><p> 晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。注意：如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开</p><p> <span word="She">She</span> <span word="turned">turned</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lights">lights</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="on">on</span>. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间<span word="She">She</span> <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="away">away</span>.她送掉了它们。③同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上的差异<span word="ring">ring</span> <span word="back">back</span>回电话 <span word="ring">ring</span> <span word="off">off</span>挂断电话 <span word="ring">ring</span> <span word="up">up</span>打电话<span word="put">put</span> <span word="away">away</span>放好 <span word="put">put</span> <span word="on">on</span>穿，上演 <span word="put">put</span> <span word="up">up</span>挂起，举起。④不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上的差异<span word="break">break</span> <span word="out">out</span>发生，爆炸 <span word="carry">carry</span> <span word="out">out</span>进行，开展 <span word="go">go</span> <span word="out">out</span>熄灭<span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="out">out</span>分发<span word="let">let</span> <span word="out">out</span>放出<span word="look">look</span> <span word="out">out</span>当心<span word="sell">sell</span> <span word="out">out</span>卖完<span word="set">set</span> <span word="out">out</span>出发, <span word="take">take</span> <span word="out">out</span>取出<span word="work">work</span> <span word="out">out</span>算出</p>
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