2017届高考英语一轮复习语法专题课件：第3部分 句法篇 专题4 特殊句式（外研版）
<p> * * * * * 应对策略1 注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式，再根据特殊句式的结构特点填入适当的词。 ◆特殊句式与短文改错 短文改错中对于特殊句式的考查主要涉及主谓不一致、以及含有助动词的谓语结构错误、替代词的错用等。 典题试做2 单句改错(每小题1处错误) 1.<span word="Hard">Hard</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="ill">ill</span>.(2017·辽宁) 解析 考查主谓一致。<span word="work">work</span>为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。 答案 <span word="have">have</span>→<span word="has">has</span> 2.<span word="Finally">Finally</span>，<span word="there">there</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sudden">sudden</span> <span word="pull">pull</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pole">pole</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fish">fish</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="caught">caught</span>.(2017·陕西) 解析 考查主谓一致。<span word="There">There</span> <span word="be">be</span>应该与其后主语<span word="a">a</span> <span word="sudden">sudden</span> <span word="pull">pull</span>在数上保持一致。 答案 <span word="were">were</span>→<span word="was">was</span> 解析答案 3.<span word="In">In</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="January">January</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="year">year</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="UFO">UFO</span> <span word="reports">reports</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="steady">steady</span>，<span word="around">around</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="per">per</span> <span word="week">week</span>.(2011·辽宁) 解析 考查主谓一致。主语为<span word="the">the</span> <span word="rate">rate</span>，为第三人称单数形式，故<span word="were">were</span>改为<span word="was">was</span>。 答案 <span word="were">were</span>→<span word="was">was</span> 4.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="couldn">couldn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="luck">luck</span>—<span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="photo">photo</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="him">him</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="signed">signed</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="shirt">shirt</span>！(2011·陕西) 解析 考查倒装句的谓语结构，“<span word="did">did</span>＋主语＋动词原形”，故<span word="had">had</span>应改为<span word="have">have</span>。 答案 <span word="had">had</span>→<span word="have">have</span> 解析答案 5.<span word="Luckily">Luckily</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="pocket">pocket</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="clothes">clothes</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="on">on</span>.(2011·新课标全国) 解析 考查主谓一致。该句谓语应该与主语<span word="the">the</span> <span word="clothes">clothes</span>一致，故<span word="was">was</span>应改为<span word="were">were</span>。 答案 <span word="was">was</span>→<span word="were">were</span> 6.<span word="After">After</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="left">left</span>，<span word="I">I</span> <span word="said">said</span>，“<span word="That">That</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="nice">nice</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="you">you</span>，<span word="Mother">Mother</span>.<span word="But">But</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="looked">looked</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="Grandma">Grandma</span>.”“<span word="Neither">Neither</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="me">me</span>，”<span word="said">said</span> <span word="Mother">Mother</span> <span word="cheerfully">cheerfully</span>.(2010·浙江) 解析 考查倒装句。“<span word="neither">neither</span>＋助动词＋主语”结构中，主语应该用主格形式，故<span word="me">me</span>应改为<span word="I">I</span>。 答案 <span word="me">me</span>→<span word="I">I</span> 解析答案 应对策略2 遇到特殊句式，要注意主谓一致、强调句、倒装句、省略句、祈使句、感叹句、反意疑问句等的构成特点。 ◆书面表达中特殊句式易错点聚焦 在书面表达中适当引入特殊句式，可提高表达的层次，增强交际效果。但是学生在实际运用中主要存在以下问题： 1.主谓不一致 (误)<span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="friend">friend</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="adviser">adviser</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="agreed">agreed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="lend">lend</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="money">money</span>. (正)<span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="friend">friend</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="adviser">adviser</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="agreed">agreed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="lend">lend</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="money">money</span>. (误)<span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="scientist">scientist</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="sacrificed">sacrificed</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="lives">lives</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="science">science</span>. (正)<span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="scientist">scientist</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="sacrificed">sacrificed</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="science">science</span>. (误)<span word="Mr">Mr</span>. <span word="Wang">Wang</span>，<span word="together">together</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="wife">wife</span>，<span word="have">have</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Australia">Australia</span>. (正)<span word="Mr">Mr</span>. <span word="Wang">Wang</span>，<span word="together">together</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="wife">wife</span>，<span word="has">has</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Australia">Australia</span>. (误)<span word="Each">Each</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boys">boys</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="books">books</span>. (正)<span word="Each">Each</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boys">boys</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="books">books</span>. (误)<span word="The">The</span> <span word="blind">blind</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="sticks">sticks</span>. (正)<span word="The">The</span> <span word="blind">blind</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="sticks">sticks</span>. (误)<span word="Five">Five</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="passed">passed</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="then">then</span>. (正)<span word="Five">Five</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="passed">passed</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="then">then</span>. 2.缺乏运用意识 语言输出时，多用正常语序的简单句、并列句等。而缺乏运用特殊句式的意识。 (简单句堆积)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="Li">Li</span> <span word="Hua">Hua</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="chairman">chairman</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Student">Student</span> <span word="Union">Union</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Chenguang">Chenguang</span> <span word="High">High</span> <span word="School">School</span>. (同位语)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span> <span word="Li">Li</span> <span word="Hua">Hua</span>，<span word="chairman">chairman</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Student">Student</span> <span word="Union">Union</span>，<span word="from">from</span> <span word="Chenguang">Chenguang</span> <span word="High">High</span> <span word="School">School</span>. (一般表达)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="realize">realize</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="importance">importance</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="chosen">chosen</span> <span word="monitor">monitor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="senior">senior</span> <span word="middle">middle</span> <span word="school">school</span>. (倒装句)<span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="chosen">chosen</span> <span word="monitor">monitor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="senior">senior</span> <span word="middle">middle</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="realize">realize</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="importance">importance</span>. (强调句)<span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="chosen">chosen</span> <span word="monitor">monitor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="class">class</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="senior">senior</span> <span word="middle">middle</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="realized">realized</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="importance">importance</span>. 3.运用中出现语法错误 (误)<span word="Only">Only</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="achieve">achieve</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="goal">goal</span>. (正)<span word="Only">Only</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="achieve">achieve</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="goal">goal</span>. (误)<span word="There">There</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="exist">exist</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="school">school</span>. (正)<span word="There">There</span> <span word="exist">exist</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="school">school</span>. (误)<span word="Only">Only</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="war">war</span> <span word="learned">learned</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sad">sad</span> <span word="news">news</span>. (正)<span word="Only">Only</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="war">war</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sad">sad</span> <span word="news">news</span>. (误)<span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="midnight">midnight</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>. (正)<span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="midnight">midnight</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>. (正)<span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="midnight">midnight</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>. 返回 模拟强化练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.<span word="One">One</span> <span word="day">day</span>，<span word="he">he</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="pluck">pluck</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="crop">crop</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="inches">inches</span>.<span word="He">He</span> <span word="did">did</span></p>
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