2017届高考英语一轮复习语法专题课件：第1部分 词法篇 动词 专题1 动词的时态和语态（外研版）
<p> * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 5.<span word="Be">Be</span> <span word="patient">patient</span>！<span word="Tai">Tai</span> <span word="Chi">Chi</span></p><p> (<span word="call">call</span>) “<span word="shadow">shadow</span> <span word="boxing">boxing</span>” <span word="in">in</span> <span word="English">English</span>.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="asks">asks</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="act">act</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="water">water</span>：...(2017·辽宁) 解析 根据后一句可知用一般现在时，且<span word="Tai">Tai</span> <span word="Chi">Chi</span>与<span word="call">call</span>之间是被动关系，所以要用一般现在时的被动语态。故填<span word="is">is</span> <span word="called">called</span>。 <span word="is">is</span> <span word="called">called</span> 解析答案 6.<span word="James">James</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="he">he</span></p><p> (<span word="come">come</span>) <span word="until">until</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>.(2017·重庆) 解析 <span word="know">know</span>后面为宾语从句，从句动词相对于<span word="know">know</span>而言指将要发生的动作，而<span word="come">come</span>，<span word="leave">leave</span>等瞬间动词可用进行时态表示将来的动作。根据<span word="didn">didn</span>’<span word="t">t</span>可知此处应该用过去进行时态表示过去将来的动作。故填<span word="was">was</span> <span word="coming">coming</span>。 <span word="was">was</span> <span word="coming">coming</span> 解析答案 应对策略1 1.句中若缺少谓语，注意要考虑所给动词的时态和语态。判断时态首先要确定时间，然后根据动作发生的状态来判断应该运用哪种时态。有时也可以根据空格后和该句中已经存在的谓语动词的并列关系来确定时态。 2.句中缺少谓语，且与主语存在被动关系，考虑根据时间和动作存在的方式，确定相应时态的被动语态。注意只有及物动词才有被动语态。 3.在确定谓语动词的时态和语态时，我们可从四个方面来进行判断： (1)看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句。 (2)看上下文的谓语动词的形式。 (3)看是否是特殊的句型。如： ①<span word="was">was</span>/<span word="were">were</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>...<span word="when">when</span>...<span word="did">did</span> ... ②<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span>/<span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span>＋时间段＋<span word="since">since</span>从句(一般过去时) ③<span word="It">It</span>/<span word="This">This</span>/<span word="That">That</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="that">that</span>...<span word="have">have</span>/<span word="has">has</span> <span word="done">done</span>...或<span word="It">It</span>/<span word="This">This</span>/<span word="That">That</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="that">that</span>...<span word="had">had</span> <span word="done">done</span>... ④<span word="It">It</span>’<span word="s">s</span> (<span word="high">high</span> <span word="time">time</span>) <span word="that">that</span>...<span word="did">did</span>/<span word="should">should</span> <span word="do">do</span>... ⑤<span word="Hardly">Hardly</span> <span word="had">had</span>＋主语＋<span word="done">done</span>...<span word="when">when</span>...<span word="did">did</span>...或<span word="No">No</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span> <span word="had">had</span>＋主语＋<span word="done">done</span>...<span word="than">than</span>...<span word="did">did</span>... 这样的句型还有很多，平时要注意积累。 (4)看与主语存在主动关系还是被动关系。若是被动，还需看所给词是否为及物动词，是否考查主动表被动等。 (5)注意主谓是否一致。 ◆谓语动词与短文改错 短文改错中对于谓语动词的考查点常会涉及到考查上下文时态不一致、被动语态漏掉<span word="be">be</span>或过去分词拼写错误。 典题试做2 单句改错(每小题1处错误) 1.<span word="When">When</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="child">child</span>，<span word="I">I</span> <span word="hoped">hoped</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span>.<span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="happy">happy</span> <span word="there">there</span>.(2015·全国Ⅰ) 解析 整个语境讲的都是过去的事情，所以<span word="think">think</span>也是当时的想法，故应该用一般过去时，故<span word="think">think</span>改为<span word="thought">thought</span>。 答案 <span word="think">think</span>→<span word="thought">thought</span> 2.<span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mornings">mornings</span>，<span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="exercising">exercising</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="splendid">splendid</span>.<span word="Close">Close</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span> <span word="park">park</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="trees">trees</span>...(2015·浙江) 解析 从前一句中的<span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span>到后面一句的<span word="there">there</span> <span word="was">was</span>可以判断整个语境应该是一般过去时，所以将<span word="is">is</span>改为<span word="was">was</span>。 答案 <span word="is">is</span>→<span word="was">was</span> 3.<span word="A">A</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="crying">crying</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="telling">telling</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="wait">wait</span> <span word="outside">outside</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="shop">shop</span>.(2015·全国Ⅱ) 解析 句子的主语为<span word="A">A</span> <span word="woman">woman</span>，谓语为<span word="saw">saw</span>，<span word="crying">crying</span>为宾补，<span word="and">and</span>连接的是两个谓语，而不是两个宾补，所以<span word="telling">telling</span>改为<span word="told">told</span>。 答案 <span word="telling">telling</span>→<span word="told">told</span> 4.<span word="Lots">Lots</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="global">global</span> <span word="warming">warming</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>.(2015·全国Ⅰ) 解析 <span word="studies">studies</span>与<span word="show">show</span>之间为主动关系，所以去掉<span word="been">been</span>。 答案 去掉<span word="been">been</span> 5.<span word="Tony">Tony</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="scared">scared</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="begun">begun</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cry">cry</span>.(2015·全国Ⅱ) 解析 <span word="was">was</span> <span word="scared">scared</span> 与 <span word="begun">begun</span>是由<span word="and">and</span>连接的两个并列谓语，由<span word="was">was</span> <span word="scared">scared</span>可知应用一般过去时，<span word="begin">begin</span>的过去式是<span word="began">began</span>，<span word="begun">begun</span>是其过去分词，所以<span word="begun">begun</span>改为<span word="began">began</span>。 答案 <span word="begun">begun</span>→<span word="began">began</span> 6.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="morning">morning</span> <span word="barking">barking</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="disturbing">disturbing</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="baby">baby</span>.(2017·辽宁) 解析 本句主语为<span word="The">The</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="morning">morning</span> <span word="barking">barking</span>，<span word="barking">barking</span>为不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数第三人称形式，故谓语动词<span word="have">have</span>改为<span word="has">has</span>。 答案 <span word="have">have</span>→<span word="has">has</span> 7.<span word="My">My</span> <span word="dream">dream</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="garden">garden</span>.<span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="kinds">kinds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="flowers">flowers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="trees">trees</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span>.<span word="We">We</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="lie">lie</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="grass">grass</span>... (2017·新课标全国Ⅱ) 解析 由下文可知，语境为一般现在时，而且主语为第三人称单数<span word="My">My</span> <span word="dream">dream</span> <span word="school">school</span>，因此谓语动词应用第三人称单数，故<span word="look">look</span>改为<span word="looks">looks</span>。 答案 <span word="look">look</span>→<span word="looks">looks</span> 8.<span word="Tea">Tea</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="traditionally">traditionally</span> <span word="drank">drank</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="cups">cups</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="handles">handles</span>. (2017·新课标全国Ⅱ) 解析 <span word="tea">tea</span>与<span word="drink">drink</span>之间为动宾关系，所以用被动语态，动词<span word="drink">drink</span>的过去分词为<span word="drunk">drunk</span>。故<span word="drank">drank</span>改为<span word="drunk">drunk</span>。 答案 <span word="drank">drank</span>→<span word="drunk">drunk</span> 应对策略2 做动词类改错题时，需注意以下几个方面： (1)判断一般现在时与一般过去时是否错用； (2)<span word="and">and</span>，<span word="but">but</span>，<span word="so">so</span>，<span word="or">or</span>等并列连词前后的时态是否一致； (3)除了时态，还要注意主谓是否一致； (4)看是否考查虚拟语气； (5)看谓语部分是否缺少动词，特别是<span word="be">be</span>动词； (6)看动词的形式是否正确，尤其是第三人称单数形式是否错用； (7)看主动语态和被动语态是否错用。 ◆书面表达中谓语动词易错点聚焦 1.中式英语比比皆是。 (误)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="listen">listen</span> <span word="music">music</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="newspapers">newspapers</span>. (正)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="listening">listening</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="music">music</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="newspapers">newspapers</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span>.(习惯性动作用一般现在时) (误)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="what">what</span>. (正)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="do">do</span>. 2.句子没有谓语动词或一个句子中出现多个谓语。 (误)<span word="The">The</span> <span word="windows">windows</span> <span word="broken">broken</span>. (正)<span word="The">The</span> <span word="windows">windows</span> <span word="broke">broke</span>. (正)<span word="The">The</span> <span word="windows">windows</span> <span word="are">are</span> (<span word="were">were</span>) <span word="broken">broken</span>. (误)<span word="Today">Today</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="largest">largest</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span>. (正)<span word="Today">Today</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="largest">largest</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span>. (正)<span word="Today">Today</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="largest">largest</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="speaking">speaking</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span>. 3.动词的时态、语态及系动词<span word="be">be</span>随意乱用。 (误)<span word="Recently">Recently</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="CCTV">CCTV</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="TVs">TVs</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="measures">measures</span>. (正)<span word="Recently">Recently</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="CCTV">CCTV</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="TVs">TVs</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="begun">begun</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="measures">measures</span>. (误)<span word="She">She</span> <span word="liked">liked</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="reads">reads</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="class">class</span>. (正)<span word="She">She</span> <span word="liked">liked</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="class">class</span>. (误)<span word="People">People</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="earth">earth</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="flat">flat</span>. (正)<span word="People">People</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="earth">earth</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="flat">flat</span>. (误)<span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="village">village</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="changes">changes</span>. (误)<span word="Great">Great</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="village">village</span>. (正)<span word="Great">Great</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="village">village</span>. 模拟强化练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.<span word="This">This</span> <span word="proverb">proverb</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="saying">saying</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="let">let</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="course">course</span>.<span word="Being">Being</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="anxious">anxious</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="event">event</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="often">often</span></p>
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