2017届高考英语牛津版一轮复习语法考点专练课件：1 动词的时态和语态
<p> 2.被动语态的用法 (1)不知道谁是动作的执行者,或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者。如: —<span word="George">George</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Lucy">Lucy</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="married">married</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="week">week</span>.<span word="Did">Did</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="wedding">wedding</span>? —<span word="No">No</span>,<span word="I">I</span> <span word="hadn">hadn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="invited">invited</span>.<span word="Did">Did</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="wedding">wedding</span>? ——乔治和露西上周结婚了。你去参加他们的婚礼了吗? ——没有,我没有被邀请。他们的婚礼隆重吗? —<span word="The">The</span> <span word="window">window</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="dirty">dirty</span>. —<span word="I">I</span> <span word="know">know</span>.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="hasn">hasn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="weeks">weeks</span>. ——窗户脏了。 ——我知道。好几周没擦了。 <span word="All">All</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="employees">employees</span> <span word="except">except</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="manager">manager</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="encouraged">encouraged</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="online">online</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="home">home</span>. 除了经理以外所有的雇员都被鼓励在家网上办公。 (3)在文章标题、广告、资讯中。如: <span word="Millions">Millions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="pounds">pounds</span>' <span word="worth">worth</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="damage">damage</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="storm">storm</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="swept">swept</span> <span word="across">across</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="north">north</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="England">England</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span>. 昨天晚上一场席卷英格兰北部的风暴造成了价值上百万英镑的损失。 (4)当动作的执行者不是人时。如: <span word="The">The</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="deaths">deaths</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="disease">disease</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="reduced">reduced</span> <span word="greatly">greatly</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="per">per</span>- <span word="suaded">suaded</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="eat">eat</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="fruit">fruit</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="vegetables">vegetables</span>. 如果人们被说服了吃更多的水果和蔬菜,那么死于心脏病的人数将大大减 少。 (2)需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。如: 3.注意短语动词的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态。如:</p><p> <span word="That">That</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="laughed">laughed</span> <span word="at">at</span>.那位老人常被人嘲笑。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="up">up</span>.这项计划就要被放弃了。 <span word="Bad">Bad</span> <span word="habits">habits</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="with">with</span>. 坏习惯已经改掉了。 (注意:在被动结构中,切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词) <span word="He">He</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="prevented">prevented</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="going">going</span>.必须阻止他去。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="possible">possible</span>. 这项计划应该尽早执行。 (谓语部分是:情态动词+<span word="be">be</span>+过去分词) <span word="She">She</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="married">married</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="week">week</span>.她上周结婚了。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="patient">patient</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="treated">treated</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="week">week</span>. 那位病人一周得到一次治疗。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="fell">fell</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="killed">killed</span>. 他从汽车上摔下来,死了。 二、主动形式表被动意义 1.“系动词<span word="look">look</span>,<span word="sound">sound</span>,<span word="feel">feel</span>,<span word="smell">smell</span>,<span word="taste">taste</span>,<span word="appear">appear</span>,<span word="seem">seem</span>,<span word="go">go</span>,<span word="prove">prove</span>,<span word="turn">turn</span>,<span word="stay">stay</span>,<span word="become">become</span>, <span word="fall">fall</span>,<span word="get">get</span>,<span word="grow">grow</span>,<span word="keep">keep</span>+形容词/名词”构成系表结构。如: <span word="The">The</span> <span word="steel">steel</span> <span word="feels">feels</span> <span word="cold">cold</span>.钢摸起来很凉。 <span word="His">His</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="proved">proved</span>(<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>)<span word="practical">practical</span>. 他的计划被证明很实用。 4.“<span word="get">get</span>+过去分词”可以表示被动,此结构比较口语化。如: <span word="It">It</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="bad">bad</span>.这个东西已经变质了。 2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如<span word="begin">begin</span>,<span word="finish">finish</span>,<span word="start">start</span>,<span word="open">open</span>,<span word="close">close</span>,<span word="stop">stop</span>,<span word="end">end</span>, <span word="shut">shut</span>,<span word="run">run</span>,<span word="move">move</span> 等。如: <span word="Work">Work</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="at">at</span> 7 <span word="o">o</span>'<span word="clock">clock</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>. 今天早上7点钟开始工作的。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="shop">shop</span> <span word="closes">closes</span> <span word="at">at</span> 6 <span word="p">p</span>.<span word="m">m</span>.<span word="every">every</span> <span word="day">day</span>. 这个商店每天下午6点关门。 3.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词,如<span word="read">read</span>,<span word="write">write</span>,<span word="act">act</span>,<span word="iron">iron</span>,<span word="cut">cut</span>,<span word="draw">draw</span>,<span word="drive">drive</span>,<span word="sell">sell</span>, <span word="wash">wash</span>,<span word="clean">clean</span>,<span word="wear">wear</span>,<span word="open">open</span>,<span word="cook">cook</span>,<span word="lock">lock</span>,<span word="shut">shut</span>,<span word="dry">dry</span>,<span word="eat">eat</span>,<span word="drink">drink</span>。这类动词一般不单独使用, 常有一个修饰语。如: <span word="This">This</span> <span word="coat">coat</span> <span word="dries">dries</span> <span word="easily">easily</span>. 这件外套容易干。 <span word="Nylon">Nylon</span> <span word="cleans">cleans</span> <span word="easily">easily</span>. 尼龙容易洗干净。 <span word="Your">Your</span> <span word="article">article</span> <span word="reads">reads</span> <span word="well">well</span>. 你的文章读起来很好。 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="material">material</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="worn">worn</span> <span word="thin">thin</span>. 这个材料已经磨薄了。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="match">match</span> <span word="won">won</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="catch">catch</span>.火柴擦不着。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="engine">engine</span> <span word="won">won</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="start">start</span>.引擎发动不起来。 4.少数动词用于进行时,其主动形式表示被动含义,如<span word="print">print</span>,<span word="cook">cook</span>,<span word="sell">sell</span>等。如: <span word="The">The</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="printing">printing</span>.这些书正在印刷中。 <span word="The">The</span> <span word="meat">meat</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="cooking">cooking</span>.肉正在煮。</p>
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