2017年高考英语重点难点专题透析：第19专题 短文改错
<p> 2.代词的误用 代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和 单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾格变化、各类代词的误加与漏 用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词的用法(尤其是在 意思上的误用)、代词在某些习语中的用法等。一般情况下,主格人称代 词多作主语,宾格人称代词多作宾语,形容词性物主代词作定语,名词性物 主代词可作主语、宾语或表语,反身代词可作宾语或同位语。 考纲解读 命题趋势 命题思路 备考策略 错误类型分析 (1)(2011辽宁)<span word="The">The</span> <span word="commanding">commanding</span> <span word="officer">officer</span>, <span word="Wayne">Wayne</span> <span word="Tyler">Tyler</span>...<span word="decided">decided</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="findings">findings</span> <span word="known">known</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="wrote">wrote</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="article">article</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="UFO">UFO</span> <span word="reports">reports</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="explained">explained</span> <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="naturally">naturally</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="aircraft">aircraft</span> <span word="movements">movements</span>. [解析]此处指代的是<span word="Wayne">Wayne</span> <span word="Tyler">Tyler</span>,是男性单数。 [答案] <span word="They">They</span>改为<span word="He">He</span> (2)(2010新课标全国)<span word="One">One</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="having">having</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="yard">yard</span> <span word="sale">sale</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="liv">liv</span>- <span word="ing">ing</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="door">door</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span>...<span word="Without">Without</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="moment">moment</span>??<span word="s">s</span> <span word="delay">delay</span>, <span word="my">my</span> <span word="neighbor">neighbor</span> <span word="picked">picked</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="box">box</span>. [解析]根据上文提到的<span word="Nick">Nick</span>可知,这里的邻居应该是指<span word="Nick">Nick</span>的邻居。 [答案]<span word="my">my</span>改为<span word="his">his</span> 考纲解读 命题趋势 命题思路 备考策略 错误类型分析 (3)(2010辽宁)<span word="She">She</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>??<span word="t">t</span> <span word="talk">talk</span> <span word="many">many</span>. [解析]表示话语多一般用代词<span word="much">much</span>,而不用<span word="many">many</span>。 [答案]<span word="many">many</span>改为<span word="much">much</span> 考纲解读 命题趋势 命题思路 备考策略 错误类型分析 3.冠词的误用 冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用,有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词 以及零冠词的用法区别(包括 <span word="a">a</span> 与 <span word="an">an</span> 的区别)。其中,涉及最多的是,当一 个单数可数名词表示泛指时,其前漏用不定冠词;另外,冠词在一些习语中 的用法也是一个重要考点。冠词方面主要设置下列错误:(1)表示“一… …” 时不用<span word="a">a</span> / <span word="an">an</span>,在不可数名词前却用不定冠词<span word="a">a</span> / <span word="an">an</span>;(2)表示特指时不 用定冠词<span word="the">the</span>,不表示特指时却用<span word="the">the</span>,尤其在某些习惯表达中随便使用定冠 词<span word="the">the</span>;(3)不定冠词<span word="a">a</span> 与<span word="an">an</span> 混用,元音发音开头的单词前误用<span word="a">a</span>,辅音发音开 头的单词前却用<span word="an">an</span>。解题时应根据语境逻辑判断相关名词表示特指还是 泛指,如表示特指用<span word="the">the</span>;表示泛指且有“一……” 之意,元音发音的单词 前用<span word="an">an</span>,辅音发音的单词前用<span word="a">a</span>。 考纲解读 命题趋势 命题思路 备考策略 错误类型分析 (1)(2011辽宁)<span word="When">When</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Monday">Monday</span>, <span word="January">January</span> 16, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="fiction">fiction</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="visitors">visitors</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="outer">outer</span> <span word="space">space</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="television">television</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="immediate">immediate</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="reports">reports</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sightings">sightings</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="parts">parts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="States">States</span>. [解析]此处报道的增长表示泛指,且后面的单词是元音发音开头,故用不 定冠词<span word="an">an</span>。 [答案]第一个<span word="the">the</span>改为<span word="an">an</span> (2)(2010陕西)<span word="Then">Then</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="bent">bent</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="picked">picked</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="price">price</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="it">it</span>. [解析] 根据语境,这里<span word="price">price</span>表示特指,应该用定冠词<span word="the">the</span>。 [答案] <span word="a">a</span>改为<span word="the">the</span> 考纲解读 命题趋势 命题思路 备考策略 错误类型分析 4.形容词与副词的误用 形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用(形容词与 副词的原级、比较级、最高级的常用结构,以及比较对象的一致性,尤其 是在本身已是比较级的词前误加<span word="more">more</span>等)、形容词与副词的混用(如修饰 动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词)等。另外,用作表语时该用形 容词的却误用了名词、副词(如<span word="in">in</span>, <span word="down">down</span> 等)的误加与漏用、涉及形容词 搭配的<span word="as">as</span>...<span word="as">as</span> 结构等也是常考的考点。 考纲解读 命题趋势 命题思路 备考策略 错误类型分析 (1)(2011浙江)<span word="When">When</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="dropped">dropped</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="off">off</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="pulled">pulled</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="toy">toy</span> <span word="slow">slow</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="back">back</span>. [解析]此处应用副词修饰动词。 [答案]<span word="slow">slow</span>改为<span word="slowly">slowly</span> (2)(2011新课标全国)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="visit">visit</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="friend">friend</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Xiamen">Xiamen</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="holiday">holiday</span>. [解析]此处副词指代方位错误,应该是“那里”。 [答案]<span word="here">here</span>改为<span word="there">there</span> 考纲解读 命题趋势 命题思路 备考策略 错误类型分析 (3)(2010新课标全国)<span word="My">My</span> <span word="friend">friend</span> <span word="Nick">Nick</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="story">story</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="experience">experience</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="US">US</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="interested">interested</span>. [解析]注意<span word="interested">interested</span>与<span word="interesting">interesting</span>的区别:<span word="interested">interested</span>一般表示人的感觉,而 <span word="interesting">interesting</span>表示事物的特征。 [答案]<span word="interested">interested</span>改为<span word="interesting">interesting</span> (4)(2010新课标全国)<span word="On">On</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="box">box</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="card">card</span> <span word="saying">saying</span>:“25 <span word="cents">cents</span> <span word="each">each</span>.”... <span word="Convinced">Convinced</span>, <span word="Nick">Nick</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="brought">brought</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="price">price</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> 10 <span word="cents">cents</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="piece">piece</span>. [解析]根据上文“25 <span word="cents">cents</span> <span word="each">each</span>”可知,“10 <span word="cents">cents</span>”显然是降价了。 [答案]<span word="up">up</span>改为<span word="down">down</span> 考纲解读 命题趋势 命题思路 备考策略 错误类型分析 5.介词的误用 介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词 后接宾语时漏加介词,可直接用作状语的副词短语前误加介词,介词与其 他词的常用搭配、常用介词的基本用法、习语中的介词用法及介词宾 语表现形式错误等。熟悉重要介词的含义与搭配是发现与改正多用、 少用、误用介词错误的主要方法。另外,考生应牢记介词后接人称代词 时只能用宾格形式,接非谓语动词时只能用动词的-<span word="ing">ing</span> 形式。 考纲解读 命题趋势 命题思路 备考策略 错误类型分析 (1)(2011新课标全国)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pocket">pocket</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="clothes">clothes</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="on">on</span>. [解析]钱是在兜里,应用<span word="in">in</span>。 [答案]第一个<span word="on">on</span>改为<span word="in">in</span> (2)(2010新课标全国)<span word="As">As</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="looked">looked</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="yard">yard</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="sold">sold</span>... [解析]<span word="yard">yard</span>一般与介词<span word="in">in</span>连用。 [答案]<span word="on">on</span>改为<span word="in">in</span> 考纲解读 命题趋势 命题思路 备考策略 错误类型分析 (3)(2010浙江) <span word="As">As</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="left">left</span>, <span word="Mother">Mother</span> <span word="stopped">stopped</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="table">table</span>. [解析]<span word="by">by</span> / <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="table">table</span>意为“在桌旁”。 [答案]<span word="on">on</span>改为<span word="by">by</span> / <span word="at">at</span> (4)(2009海南)...<span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="course">course</span> <span word="work">work</span>. [解析]<span word="help">help</span> <span word="sb">sb</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>是固定用法,意为“在某方面帮助某人”。 [答案]<span word="on">on</span>改为<span word="with">with</span> 考纲解读 命题趋势 命题思路 备考策略 错误类型分析 6.非谓语动词的误用 非谓语动词是高考短文改错的必考内容,其考查主要涉及动词与非谓语 动词混用,不定式符号<span word="to">to</span>的有无,介词后是否使用动名词,并列结构中几个 非谓语动词是否一致,动词用作主语时用的是动名词或不定式还是动词 原形等。应明确不作谓语的动词必须用非谓语形式,而究竟使用何种非 谓语形式由非谓语在句中所作的成分而定。当然,还必须牢记不定式省 <span word="to">to</span> 的场合,以增强识别意识。 考纲解读 命题趋势 命题思路 备考策略 错误类型分析 [解析]此处应用现在分词作伴随状语。 [答案]<span word="buy">buy</span>改为<span word="buying">buying</span> (1)(2011新课标全国)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span> <span word="Railway">Railway</span> <span word="Station">Station</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="ticket">ticket</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</span>. (2)(2010新课标全国)<span word="On">On</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="box">box</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="card">card</span> <span word="say">say</span>: “25 <span word="cents">cents</span> <span word="each">each</span>.” [解析]句中<span word="say">say</span>应该用非谓语动词形式作定语。 [答案]<span word="say">say</span>改为<span word="saying">saying</span> 考纲解读 命题趋势 命题思路 备考策略 错误类型分析 (3)(2010浙江)“<span word="Excuse">Excuse</span> <span word="me">me</span>,” <span word="she">she</span> <span word="said">said</span>, <span word="put">put</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="arm">arm</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="unhappy">unhappy</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="woman">woman</span>. [解析]这里用<span word="putting">putting</span>在句中作伴随状语。 [答案]<span word="put">put</span>改为<span word="putting">putting</span> (4)(2008海南)<span word="Looking">Looking</span> <span word="forward">forward</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="hear">hear</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="soon">soon</span>. [解析]<span word="look">look</span> <span word="forward">forward</span> <span word="to">to</span>后面应接动词的-<span word="ing">ing</span>形式。 [答案]<span word="hear">hear</span>改为<span word="hearing">hearing</span> 考纲解读 命题趋势 命题思路 备考策略 错误类型分析 7.动词时态和语态的误用 谓语动词时态和语态错误主要表现为:动词时态与时间指示不符;并列动 词的形式不一致;对主从句之间由于动作发生的时间不一致而出现的时 态交错现象处理不当;语态混用等。 (1)(2011新课标全国)<span word="I">I</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="happy">happy</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="clothes">clothes</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="last">last</span>.</p>
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