英语语法之虚主语
<p>语法对于英语来说很重要，今天小编带大家来解析虚主语。</p><p><span word="Writers">Writers</span>, <span word="especially">especially</span> <span word="beginning">beginning</span> <span word="writers">writers</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="cautioned">cautioned</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="passive">passive</span> <span word="voice">voice</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="writingbecause">writingbecause</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="slows">slows</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pace">pace</span>.</p><p>由于被动语态会影响节奏，作者们(特别是初学者)经常被警告不要使用它。</p><p><span word="Another">Another</span> <span word="construction">construction</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="writing">writing</span> <span word="plod">plod</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dummy">dummy</span> <span word="subject">subject</span>.</p><p>还有一种结构也会让你的文章变得拖沓，它就是虚主语。</p><p><span word="When">When</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="words">words</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="begin">begin</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sentence">sentence</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="referent">referent</span> (<span word="a">a</span> <span word="noun">noun</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pronoun">pronoun</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="referring">referring</span> <span word="to">to</span>), <span word="we">we</span>’<span word="re">re</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dummy">dummy</span> <span word="subject">subject</span>.</p><p>虚主语是指句子开头的<span word="it">it</span>或<span word="there">there</span>没有指代物(<span word="it">it</span>、<span word="there">there</span>指代的名词)。</p><p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="pair">pair</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sentences">sentences</span>:</p><p>下面两个句子中：</p><p><span word="I">I</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="Fantastic">Fantastic</span> <span word="Four">Four</span> 2 <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="weekend">weekend</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="fun">fun</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="mostly">mostly</span> <span word="forgettable">forgettable</span>.</p><p>“<span word="It">It</span>” <span word="refers">refers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="movie">movie</span> <span word="Fantastic">Fantastic</span> <span word="Four">Four</span> 2. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="pronoun">pronoun</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="referent">referent</span>.</p><p><span word="It">It</span>指代电影《神奇四侠2》。这个代词有指代物。</p><p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="sentence">sentence</span>, <span word="however">however</span>:</p><p>但这个句子里：</p><p><span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="apparent">apparent</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="oil">oil</span> <span word="reserves">reserves</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="exhausted">exhausted</span> <span word="by">by</span> 2050.</p><p>“<span word="It">It</span>” <span word="has">has</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="referent">referent</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="therefore">therefore</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dummy">dummy</span> <span word="subject">subject</span>.</p><p><span word="It">It</span>没有指代物，因此它是虚主语。</p>
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