do 和 make要分清
<p>美国国家地理杂志(<span word="National">National</span> <span word="Geographic">Geographic</span>)报道“世界杯”时，有一篇文章写道：<span word="They">They</span> <span word="rolled">rolled</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="bounced">bounced</span>， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="headers">headers</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="goals">goals</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="them">them</span>. 有人问，这一句中为什么分别用<span word="do">do</span>和<span word="make">make</span>?<span word="Make">Make</span>和<span word="do">do</span>是英语中的常用动词，有些“袖珍”英汉词典对这两个词提供的中文解释都是笼统的“做”。两者用作及物动词时的一些常见用法如下：<span word="Do">Do</span>： <span word="do">do</span> <span word="homework">homework</span>，<span word="do">do</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="reading">reading</span>，<span word="do">do</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="somersault">somersault</span>，<span word="do">do</span> <span word="sums">sums</span>，<span word="do">do</span> <span word="one">one</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="nails">nails</span>…<span word="Make">Make</span>： <span word="make">make</span> <span word="shoes">shoes</span>，<span word="make">make</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="decision">decision</span>，<span word="make">make</span> <span word="arrangement">arrangement</span>，<span word="make">make</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fire">fire</span>，<span word="make">make</span> <span word="trouble">trouble</span>…后接同一宾语时，两者的含义各不相同，如<span word="do">do</span> <span word="one">one</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="bed">bed</span>是“铺床(整理被子等)”，而<span word="make">make</span> <span word="one">one</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="bed">bed</span>是“(给自己)做一张床”; 可以说<span word="do">do</span> <span word="one">one</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="hair">hair</span>(梳头)，但一般不会说<span word="make">make</span> <span word="one">one</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="hair">hair</span>(制作头发)。下面的例子更能体现两者的差异：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="doings">doings</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hero">hero</span>的意思是“英雄做的事”，而<span word="the">the</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hero">hero</span>是指“(一个人)是如何成为英雄的”。</p><p><span word="He">He</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="dance">dance</span>. 是“他的舞跳得很好”，而<span word="He">He</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="dance">dance</span>.的意思是“他编了一个很好的舞蹈(动作)”。</p><p>在很多短语中，<span word="do">do</span>和<span word="make">make</span>虽都可译作“做”，但其意思有很大差别。<span word="Do">Do</span>强调的是动作过程本身，类似于<span word="work">work</span>，其宾语往往是一件工作或一项任务。“<span word="doer">doer</span>”是“做事的人”。而<span word="make">make</span>强调动作的结果，相当于<span word="produce">produce</span>，其宾语往往是产品或成果。“<span word="maker">maker</span>”是“制造人”。</p>
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