2016年中考英语词组辨析：by oneself/for oneself/to oneself/of oneself
<p> 这五个介词短语均属“介词+反身代词”结构，但意义各不相同：</p><p> Ⅰ.<span word="by">by</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span>“单独地;独立地”(=<span word="without">without</span> <span word="help">help</span>, <span word="alone">alone</span>).如：</p><p> <span word="Did">Did</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="yourself">yourself</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="someone">someone</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="you">you</span>? 是你自己做的，还是别人帮你做的?</p><p> Ⅱ. “本身;本身的性质”如：</p><p> ① <span word="Diamond">Diamond</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="itself">itself</span>. 钻石本来是硬的。</p><p> Ⅲ.<span word="for">for</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> “为自己(的利益而做某事);独自地(与<span word="by">by</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> 同义)”。如：</p><p> ② <span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="built">built</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="himself">himself</span>. 他为自己建造了一幢房子。</p><p> ③ <span word="You">You</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="yourself">yourself</span>. 你必须自己把它找出来。</p><p> Ⅳ.<span word="of">of</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> “自然而然地;自动地”为不及物动词。如：</p><p> ④ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="fire">fire</span> <span word="died">died</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span>. 火自己熄灭了。</p><p> Ⅴ.<span word="to">to</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span>“默默地”“暗自”，常与<span word="talk">talk</span> , <span word="say">say</span>, <span word="think">think</span>等动词连用。如;</p><p> ⑤ <span word="He">He</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="himself">himself</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span>. 他想这其中有毛病。</p><p> ：<span word="say">say</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span> “在心里想”，<span word="talk">talk</span>/ <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="oneself">oneself</span>“自言自语”两者不可混淆。</p>
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