浅谈英语常见的修辞格（三）
<p>(2)<span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="eight">eight</span>.他酩酊大醉。</p><p>英语中还有许多隐喻成语。例如：</p><p><span word="to">to</span> <span word="teach">teach</span> <span word="fish">fish</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="swim">swim</span> 班门弄斧</p><p><span word="to">to</span> <span word="plough">plough</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sand">sand</span> 白费力气</p><p>这些隐喻成语的最大特色就是通过具体的、妇孺皆知的形象来表情达意。请看 <span word="a">a</span> <span word="square">square</span> <span word="peg">peg</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="round">round</span> <span word="hole">hole</span> 用园洞中的方钉来说明不适宜担任某一职务的人，真是十分恰当;<span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="devil">devil</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="deep">deep</span> <span word="sea">sea</span> 一边是魔鬼，一边是大海，叫人走投无路，十分传神地表达出进退两难的境界。</p><p>(3)转喻(<span word="the">the</span> <span word="metonymy">metonymy</span>)</p><p>转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻，它根本不说出本体事物，直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如：</p><p>(1)<span word="The">The</span> <span word="buses">buses</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="America">America</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="strike">strike</span> <span word="now">now</span>. 美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里<span word="buses">buses</span> 喻指司机<span word="drivers">drivers</span>)。</p><p>(2)<span word="The">The</span> <span word="pen">pen</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="mightier">mightier</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sword">sword</span>. 文人胜于武士(以<span word="pen">pen</span>, <span word="sword">sword</span>喻指使用这物的人)。</p><p>英语中一些鸟兽鱼虫的名字，除本义外，常可转借喻人，形象生动，意味隽永。例如：</p><p>(1)<span word="Mrs">Mrs</span> <span word="Smith">Smith</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="nice">nice</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="husband">husband</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bear">bear</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="likes">likes</span> <span word="him">him</span>.</p><p>史密斯夫人和蔼可亲，但她丈夫为人粗鲁，脾气暴躁，谁都不喜欢他(以兽喻人)。</p><p>(2)<span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="butterfly">butterfly</span>. 她是一个交际花(以虫喻人)。</p>
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