浅谈英语常见的修辞格（五）
<p>四、拟人(<span word="the">the</span> <span word="personification">personification</span>)</p><p>所谓拟人就是把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写，赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化。例如：</p><p>(1)<span word="Necessity">Necessity</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mother">mother</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="invention">invention</span>. 需要乃是发明之母。</p><p>(2)<span word="She">She</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="favoured">favoured</span> <span word="child">child</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Fortune">Fortune</span>. 她是幸运之宠儿。</p><p>两句中名词<span word="mother">mother</span>和<span word="child">child</span>通常用于人，而这里分别用于无生命的名词<span word="invention">invention</span> 和<span word="Fortune">Fortune</span>，使这两个词拟人化了。</p><p>拟人法英语中用得也很多。运用得好，不仅使语言表达得生动、有力，而且给人以亲切、实在的感受。</p><p>五、反语(<span word="the">the</span> <span word="irony">irony</span>)</p><p>反语就是说反话，用反话来表达思想、观点、事物等等。例如：</p><p>(1)<span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="learning">learning</span>.</p><p>语言学习不是一件容易事(<span word="no">no</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="job">job</span>=<span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="job">job</span>)。</p><p>(2)<span word="He">He</span> <span word="seldom">seldom</span> <span word="failed">failed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bleeding">bleeding</span>.</p><p>他很少不给病人放血(实际上他常常给病人放血)。</p><p>英语中有些明喻习语在使用时也是以反语的形式出现的。如：<span word="as">as</span> <span word="welcome">welcome</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="storm">storm</span> 象暴风雨一样受欢迎(实则不得人心<span word="as">as</span> <span word="slender">slender</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="middle">middle</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cow">cow</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="waist">waist</span> 腰细如牛(实际是腰粗如牛)。</p><p>用反语来表达思想、观点或描绘事物，实际上是一种意重语轻的修辞方式，常常含有讽刺、幽默或揶揄的意味。</p>
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