职称英语2015年考试综合类语法辅导(2)
<p> 5.定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：<span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="city">city</span> .</p><p> 6.状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="works">works</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> .</p><p> 7.宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：<span word="They">They</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="clean">clean</span>. / <span word="He">He</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="helps">helps</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="lessons">lessons</span>. / <span word="The">The</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="French">French</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="myself">myself</span>.</p><p> ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：<span word="Where">Where</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="classmate">classmate</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span> ?</p><p> 构词法</p><p> 英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。</p><p> 1.合成法：如：<span word="spaceship">spaceship</span>, <span word="headache">headache</span>, <span word="basketball">basketball</span>, <span word="playground">playground</span>等等。</p><p> 2.派生法：</p><p> 派生名词：①动词+<span word="er">er</span>/<span word="or">or</span> ②动词+<span word="ing">ing</span> ③动词+<span word="ion">ion</span> ④形容词+<span word="ness">ness</span> ⑤其他,如：<span word="inventor">inventor</span>, <span word="learner">learner</span>, <span word="swimming">swimming</span>, <span word="congratulation">congratulation</span>, <span word="kindness">kindness</span>, <span word="carelessness">carelessness</span>, <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span></p><p> 派生形容词：①名词+<span word="y">y</span> ②名词+<span word="ful">ful</span> ③动词+<span word="ing">ing</span>/<span word="ed">ed</span> ④<span word="friendly">friendly</span> ⑤<span word="dangerous">dangerous</span> ⑥<span word="Chinese">Chinese</span>; <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> ⑦<span word="English">English</span> ⑧<span word="French">French</span> ⑨<span word="German">German</span> ⑩国名+<span word="an">an</span> 如：<span word="snowy">snowy</span>, <span word="sunny">sunny</span>, <span word="hopeful">hopeful</span>, <span word="beautiful">beautiful</span>, <span word="interesting">interesting</span>, <span word="follwing">follwing</span>, <span word="daily">daily</span>,<span word="nervous">nervous</span>, <span word="delicious">delicious</span></p><p> 派生副词：①形容词+<span word="ly">ly</span> ②其它,如：<span word="slowly">slowly</span>, <span word="angrily">angrily</span>, <span word="fullfully">fullfully</span>, <span word="goodwell">goodwell</span>, <span word="possiblepossibly">possiblepossibly</span>等等。</p>
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