2014年职称英语考试综合类语法知识讲解：第四讲倒装
<p> 倒装：</p><p> 英语的一般语序为：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语（或表语） + （状语等附加成分）。有时为了语法上或修辞上的需要而改变这种语序，如将谓语动词放到主语的前面，就称为倒装。因语法需要的倒装称为语法倒装，例如英语中的疑问句多采用倒装形式，如<span word="Are">Are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="engineer">engineer</span>? 因修辞需要，如为了强调、句子结构均衡或承上启下等目的倒装，称为修辞性倒装，例如<span word="On">On</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hill">hill</span> <span word="stands">stands</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pretty">pretty</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="house">house</span>. （山顶上有一座漂亮的小屋。）。</p><p> 就应试而言，以下倒装现象应给予特别注意（按考试中出现的频率高低顺序排列）：</p><p> 1） <span word="not">not</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="until">until</span>, <span word="never">never</span>, <span word="no">no</span>, <span word="no">no</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span>, <span word="seldom">seldom</span>, <span word="hardly">hardly</span>, <span word="scarcely">scarcely</span>, <span word="little">little</span>, <span word="few">few</span> 等 否定词开头的句子，比较：</p><p> 例1</p><p> 正常语序：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="forget">forget</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="days">days</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="college">college</span>.</p><p> 倒装语序：<span word="Never">Never</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="forget">forget</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="days">days</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="college">college</span>.</p><p> （我永远不会忘记初上大学的那些日子）</p><p> 例2</p><p> 正常语序：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="recently">recently</span>.</p><p> 倒装语序：<span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="recently">recently</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="is">is</span>.</p><p> （直到最近我才知道什么叫市场经济。）</p>
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