英语专业四级考试近义词辨析（4）
<p> 在学习专业英语词汇中，有时同义词的辨析是很不容易的，我们一般从三方面进行区分，即：语法、语义和文体。语法主要是词性、搭配、句式等的区分;语义主要是词义的本义、引申义、比喻义和内涵和外延等的区分;文体主要是正式和非正式、褒义和贬义等的区分。</p><p> 1.环境 形势</p><p> (环境 形势) <span word="conditions">conditions</span>: <span word="The">The</span> <span word="location">location</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="factors">factors</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="affect">affect</span> <span word="it">it</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="stayed">stayed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="affects">affects</span> <span word="daily">daily</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="food">food</span>, <span word="work">work</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="houses">houses</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="studying">studying</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="developing">developing</span> <span word="countries">countries</span>.</p><p> (形势) <span word="situation">situation</span>: <span word="A">A</span> <span word="position">position</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="particular">particular</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="set">set</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span>, <span word="facts">facts</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="events">events</span> <span word="having">having</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span>, <span word="society">society</span>, <span word="etc">etc</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="matters">matters</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="planning">planning</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="finance">finance</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="situation">situation</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="changing">changing</span>.</p><p> (环境 周围 外界) <span word="environment">environment</span>: <span word="The">The</span> <span word="circumstances">circumstances</span>, <span word="things">things</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="you">you</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="refers">refers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="spirit">spirit</span> <span word="aspect">aspect</span>, <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="aspect">aspect</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="material">material</span> <span word="aspect">aspect</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="try">try</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="beautify">beautify</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="environment">environment</span>.</p><p> (形势 情况) <span word="circumstance">circumstance</span>(<span word="s">s</span>): <span word="A">A</span> <span word="situation">situation</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="event">event</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="us">us</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="atmosphere">atmosphere</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="affect">affect</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="happens">happens</span>. <span word="in">in</span> (<span word="under">under</span>) <span word="the">the</span> <span word="circumstances">circumstances</span></p><p> (环境 周围事物) <span word="surrounding">surrounding</span>(<span word="s">s</span>): <span word="The">The</span> <span word="area">area</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="environment">environment</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="person">person</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="indicates">indicates</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="narrow">narrow</span> <span word="condition">condition</span>, <span word="physically">physically</span> <span word="sometimes">sometimes</span> <span word="reflects">reflects</span> <span word="spiritual">spiritual</span> <span word="aspect">aspect</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="lived">lived</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="hostile">hostile</span> <span word="surroundings">surroundings</span>.</p>
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