六级改错题型透析及应试技巧
<p> 一、常考典型错误 1、一致性方面的错误 1）主谓一致 主谓不一致错误是<span word="CET">CET</span>-6综合改错题内容之一，主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长，首尾不能相接，造成视觉上的混淆。 例：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="president">president</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="company">company</span>, <span word="together">together</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="workers">workers</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="planning">planning</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="conference">conference</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="purpose">purpose</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="solving">solving</span> <span word="financial">financial</span> <span word="problems">problems</span>. 句中主语的主词为单数名词<span word="president">president</span>，介词短语<span word="together">together</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="workers">workers</span>与主语无关，是插入成分，故谓语动词应用单数<span word="is">is</span>。 2）名词单复数 有时名词可以不用复数，但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰，如<span word="many">many</span>, <span word="several">several</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="variety">variety</span> <span word="of">of</span>等等，就要变成复数形式。 例：<span word="Computer">Computer</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="know">know</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="fields">fields</span>. 句中名词<span word="use">use</span>前的修饰语<span word="many">many</span>是用来修饰复数名词的，所以<span word="use">use</span>应改为<span word="uses">uses</span>。 3）代词与先行词一致 代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群，因此代词的出现必须有所指，而且形、数等必须与前面所代的部份相符。这是代词改错的核心。 例：<span word="A">A</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="languages">languages</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="essential">essential</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="majors">majors</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="translation">translation</span>. 本句中<span word="without">without</span> <span word="them">them</span>指的是没有几门语言的知识。<span word="them">them</span>错指<span word="a">a</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="languages">languages</span>，因为其中<span word="knowledge">knowledge</span>是中心词，所以要把<span word="them">them</span>改为<span word="it">it</span>。 2、时态、语态、虚拟语气 1）时态错误 在一篇结构完整、语义连续的短文中，时态的使用也应该连贯一致，但是英语表示时间时，主句和从句时态可能不一致，却仍表明完整正确的意思。这就要求考生对英语敏感，准确判断句中动作的时态。 例：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="cant">cant</span> <span word="remember">remember</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="knows">knows</span>. 主句用的是一般现在时，宾语从句中有<span word="once">once</span>（从前）作为明显的时间状语，因而从句中动词应用过去时<span word="knew">knew</span>。 2）语态错误 在<span word="CET">CET</span>-6综合改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。因为汉语表达习惯上有时不加被字也能表示被动，因而考生对被动语态不敏感。另外，不及物动词不能携带宾语，因而也就没有被动语态。 例：<span word="She">She</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="angry">angry</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="telling">telling</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="truth">truth</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="listened">listened</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="account">account</span>.句意：当她听这个叙述的时候，她很生气没有被告知真相。这里她是被告诉的对象，因而<span word="telling">telling</span>应改为<span word="being">being</span> <span word="told">told</span>。 3）虚拟语气错误 虚拟语气的使用错误在综合改错题中主要表现为主句和从句的语气不协调。 例：<span word="We">We</span> <span word="strongly">strongly</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Henry">Henry</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="condition">condition</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="possible">possible</span>. 句中动词<span word="suggest">suggest</span>之后的从句应用虚拟语气，故<span word="is">is</span>应改为<span word="be">be</span>或<span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span>。类似的动词还有<span word="demand">demand</span>, <span word="insist">insist</span>, <span word="order">order</span>等等。 3、连接词、并列句、从属句 这类错误常常不易被发现，因为它不属于句子内部的语言知识，而是句子与句子之间的串联的关系。要想把这类错误纠正出来，需要考生对文章有总体的理解，头脑中有个大的框架。一般改错中的连接词错误都会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变，或造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。</p>
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