陈清霖博士教你如何翻译
<p> 谈到翻译就难免牵涉到双语运用问题。译者对相关的两种语文即使不精通，也要有良好的水平，这是翻译的先诀条件。接着，他还要晓得双语在词语运用上的不同，以及句子结构上的差别，然后才能在理解原文之后，通过适当的方法和技巧，把译文端出来，呈献给读者品尝。</p><p> 所谓适当的方法，就是指直译和意译。直译可以对号入座，字字翻译，但很多时候必须在句子某些成分上作些词类、词序、句式等方面的调整或变动，才能把译文带入既忠实又流畅的佳境。如果直译行不通或是不理想的话，就只好意译了。例如：</p><p> <span word="x">x</span>：<span word="How">How</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="suffered">suffered</span>, <span word="Irene">Irene</span>?</p><p> <span word="y">y</span>：<span word="A">A</span> <span word="lot">lot</span>.</p><p> <span word="x">x</span>：爱玲，你吃了多少苦?</p><p> <span word="y">y</span>：一言难尽。</p><p> <span word="x">x</span>：你这人真是狗嘴里长不出象牙。</p><p> <span word="x">x</span>：<span word="A">A</span> <span word="filthy">filthy</span> <span word="mouth">mouth</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="utter">utter</span> <span word="decent">decent</span> <span word="language">language</span>. <span word="You">You</span> <span word="arereally">arereally</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span>.</p><p> 如果把第一句里的<span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span>直译为许多或很多很多，这句话自然吗?如果把第二句译成<span word="A">A</span> <span word="dogs">dogs</span> <span word="mouth">mouth</span> <span word="doesnt">doesnt</span> <span word="spit">spit</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="ivory">ivory</span>，只懂英语的人听了不会莫名其妙吗?</p><p> 意译技巧最常见于中英惯用语的对译。除了上述狗嘴里长不出象牙之外，再看些其他意译的例子。</p><p> <span word="Dont">Dont</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="airs">airs</span>.(别摆架子)</p>
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