2007年12月英语六级速成宝典之阅读的外部因素
<p> 三 外部相关因素</p><p> 外部相关因素是指篇章以外的其他知识。有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。这时,就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。例如：</p><p> <span word="Husband">Husband</span>：<span word="its">its</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="cold">cold</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="tonight">tonight</span>.</p><p> <span word="Wife">Wife</span>: <span word="Sure">Sure</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span>. <span word="My">My</span> <span word="hands">hands</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="practically">practically</span> <span word="numb">numb</span>.</p><p> <span word="How">How</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="lighting">lighting</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="furnace">furnace</span>?</p><p> 根据生活经验，天气寒冷时，手肯定是冻僵的，冻得麻木的。</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="snake">snake</span> <span word="slithered">slithered</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="grass">grass</span>.</p><p> 根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识，我们可以推断出<span word="slither">slither</span>词义为爬行。</p><p> 在猜测词义过程中，除了使用上面提到的一些技巧，我们还可以依靠构词方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。</p><p> 1. 根据前缀猜测词义</p><p> 例如：</p><p> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="fell">fell</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="ditch">ditch</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="lay">lay</span> <span word="there">there</span>, <span word="semiconscious">semiconscious</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="minutes">minutes</span>.</p><p> 根据词根<span word="conscious">conscious</span>，结合前缀<span word="semi">semi</span>， 我们便可猜出<span word="semiconscious">semiconscious</span>词义半清醒的，半昏迷的。</p><p> <span word="Im">Im</span> <span word="illiterate">illiterate</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="things">things</span>.</p><p> 词根<span word="literate">literate</span>意为有文化修养的，通晓的，前缀<span word="il">il</span>表示否定，因此<span word="illiterate">illiterate</span>指一窍不通，不知道的。</p><p> 2. 根据后缀猜测词义</p><p> 例如：</p><p> <span word="Insecticide">Insecticide</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="applied">applied</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="needed">needed</span>.</p>
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