英语六级（二）：仔细阅读答案及解析
<p> <span word="Section">Section</span> <span word="C">C</span></p><p> <span word="Directions">Directions</span>:<span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> 2 <span word="passages">passages</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="section">section</span>. <span word="Each">Each</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="followed">followed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="questions">questions</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="unfinished">unfinished</span> <span word="statements">statements</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="arefour">arefour</span> <span word="choices">choices</span> <span word="marked">marked</span> <span word="A">A</span>), <span word="B">B</span>), <span word="C">C</span>) <span word="and">and</span> <span word="D">D</span>). <span word="You">You</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="decide">decide</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="choice">choice</span> <span word="andmark">andmark</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="corresponding">corresponding</span> <span word="letter">letter</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Answer">Answer</span> <span word="Sheet">Sheet</span> 2<span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="single">single</span> <span word="line">line</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="centre">centre</span>.</p><p> <span word="Passage">Passage</span> <span word="One">One</span></p><p> <span word="Questions">Questions</span> 56 <span word="to">to</span> 60 <span word="are">are</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="passage">passage</span>.</p><p> <span word="There">There</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="Ph">Ph</span>.<span word="D">D</span>.<span word="s">s</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pursue">pursue</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="career">career</span> <span word="path">path</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="academia">academia</span> .<span word="But">But</span> <span word="today">today</span>, <span word="most">most</span> <span word="graduates">graduates</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="outside">outside</span> <span word="academia">academia</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="careers">careers</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="policy">policy</span>, <span word="communications">communications</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="patent">patent</span> <span word="law">law</span>. <span word="Partly">Partly</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="bleak">bleak</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="academic">academic</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="theres">theres</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="rising">rising</span> <span word="awareness">awareness</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="career">career</span> <span word="options">options</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Ph">Ph</span>.<span word="D">D</span>. <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="havent">havent</span> <span word="trained">trained</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="directly">directly</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span>, <span word="skills">skills</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="experience">experience</span>. <span word="Still">Still</span>, <span word="theres">theres</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="huge">huge</span> <span word="disconnect">disconnect</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="currently">currently</span> <span word="train">train</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="actual">actual</span> <span word="employment">employment</span> <span word="opportunities">opportunities</span> <span word="available">available</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="them">them</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="urgent">urgent</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="dramatic">dramatic</span> <span word="improvements">improvements</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="training">training</span> <span word="programs">programs</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="close">close</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gap">gap</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="critical">critical</span> <span word="step">step</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="drive">drive</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="require">require</span> <span word="Ph">Ph</span>.<span word="D">D</span>. <span word="students">students</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="postdoctoral">postdoctoral</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="follow">follow</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="individual">individual</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> .</p><p> <span word="In">In</span> 2002 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>. <span word="Federation">Federation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="Societies">Societies</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Experimental">Experimental</span> <span word="Biology">Biology</span> <span word="recommended">recommended</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="postdoctoral">postdoctoral</span> <span word="researcher">researcher</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="together">together</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="IDP">IDP</span> <span word="m">m</span> <span word="consultation">consultation</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="adviser">adviser</span>. <span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="then">then</span>, <span word="several">several</span> <span word="academic">academic</span> <span word="institutions">institutions</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="begun">begun</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="require">require</span> <span word="IDPsforpostdocs">IDPsforpostdocs</span> <span word="And">And</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="June">June</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>. <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Institutes">Institutes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Health">Health</span> <span word="Biomedical">Biomedical</span> <span word="Research">Research</span> <span word="Workforce">Workforce</span> <span word="Working">Working</span> <span word="Group">Group</span> <span word="recommended">recommended</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="NIH">NIH</span> <span word="require">require</span> <span word="IDPs">IDPs</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="approximately">approximately</span> 32,000 <span word="postdoctoral">postdoctoral</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="support">support</span>.<span word="Other">Other</span> <span word="funding">funding</span> <span word="agencies">agencies</span>, <span word="public">public</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="private">private</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="moving">moving</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="direction">direction</span>.</p>
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