meili 发表于 2022-10-18 19:41:31

2015考研英语阅读中美汇率

<p>  <span word="AMERICAN">AMERICAN</span> <span word="manufacturers">manufacturers</span> <span word="complain">complain</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Chinaundervalues">Chinaundervalues</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="exchange">exchange</span> <span word="rate">rate</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="one">one</span>? <span word="Thenominal">Thenominal</span> <span word="exchange">exchange</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="now">now</span> 6.67 <span word="Yuan">Yuan</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="thedollar">thedollar</span>, <span word="having">having</span> <span word="strengthened">strengthened</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> 2% <span word="sinceSeptember">sinceSeptember</span> 5<span word="th">th</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="by">by</span>24% <span word="since">since</span> 2005.</p><p>  美国制造商抱怨中国低估其汇率。但是是哪项汇率?名义汇率现在是1美元兑6.67元,自9月5日以来上升了近2%,自2005年以来上升了24%。</p><p>  <span word="But">But</span> <span word="Chinas">Chinas</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="exchange">exchange</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="America">America</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="strengthened">strengthened</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> 50% <span word="since">since</span> 2005,<span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="calculations">calculations</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Economist">Economist</span> . <span word="A">A</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="exchange">exchange</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="takes">takes</span> <span word="accountof">accountof</span> <span word="price">price</span> <span word="movements">movements</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="country">country</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="prices">prices</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="faster">faster</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="America">America</span>, <span word="Chinasreal">Chinasreal</span> <span word="exchange">exchange</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="goes">goes</span> <span word="up">up</span>, <span word="even">even</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="nominal">nominal</span> <span word="exchange">exchange</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="stays">stays</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span>. <span word="Thatsbecause">Thatsbecause</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="prices">prices</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="Chinas">Chinas</span> <span word="firms">firms</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="competitive">competitive</span> <span word="abroad">abroad</span>, <span word="just">just</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="theircurrency">theircurrency</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="up">up</span>.</p><p>  但是根据《经济学人》的计算,自2005年以来,中国与美国的实际汇率上升了近50%。实际汇率把各国的价格波动也考虑在内。如果中国的物价上涨速度比美国快,即便其名义汇率保持不变,中国的实际汇率也会上升。这是因为国内较高的物价是中国公司在国外的竞争力减弱,正如其货币升值一样。</p><p>  <span word="To">To</span> <span word="calculate">calculate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="exchange">exchange</span> <span word="rate">rate</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="gauge">gauge</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="prices">prices</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="country">country</span>. <span word="Manyeconomists">Manyeconomists</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="consumer">consumer</span>-<span word="price">price</span> <span word="index">index</span> . <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="CPI">CPI</span> <span word="contains">contains</span> <span word="lots">lots</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="andservices">andservices</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="traded">traded</span> <span word="across">across</span> <span word="borders">borders</span>. <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="measure">measure</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="thereal">thereal</span> <span word="exchange">exchange</span> <span word="rate">rate</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="regularly">regularly</span> <span word="update">update</span>, <span word="offers">offers</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="direct">direct</span> <span word="measure">measure</span> <span word="ofcompetitiveness">ofcompetitiveness</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="unit">unit</span> <span word="labour">labour</span> <span word="costs">costs</span>: <span word="the">the</span> <span word="price">price</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="labour">labour</span> <span word="per">per</span> <span word="widget">widget</span>.<span word="These">These</span> <span word="costs">costs</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="wages">wages</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="productivity">productivity</span> <span word="falls">falls</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Americanmanufacturing">Americanmanufacturing</span>, <span word="unit">unit</span> <span word="labour">labour</span> <span word="costs">costs</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="risen">risen</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="than">than</span> 4% <span word="since">since</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="quarter">quarter</span> <span word="of">of</span> 2005,<span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Bureau">Bureau</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Labour">Labour</span> <span word="Statistics">Statistics</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="industry">industry</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="risen">risen</span> <span word="by">by</span> 25% <span word="overthat">overthat</span> <span word="period">period</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="sums">sums</span>.</p>
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