初中英语知识点归纳：主动语态与被动语态
<p> 语态表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态，如：<span word="We">We</span> <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span>.在中国我们说汉语;如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态,如：<span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="spoken">spoken</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span>.在中国汉语被我们说。</p><p> 一、主动语态改成被动语态方法把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：</p><p> 1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;</p><p> 2. 谓语动词变为<span word="be">be</span>+及物动词的过去分词，并通过<span word="be">be</span>的变化来表达出不同的时态;</p><p> 3主动语态的主语变为介词<span word="by">by</span>的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时<span word="by">by</span>的短语可以省略);</p><p> 例：1. <span word="Bruce">Bruce</span> <span word="writes">writes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="letter">letter</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="week">week</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="letter">letter</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Bruce">Bruce</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="week">week</span>.</p><p> 二、被动语态的用法：</p><p> 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：<span word="is">is</span> / <span word="am">am</span> / <span word="are">are</span> + 及物动词的过去分词 <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="classroom">classroom</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="cleaned">cleaned</span> <span word="everyday">everyday</span>.</p><p> 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：<span word="was">was</span> / <span word="were">were</span> + 及物动词的过去分词 <span word="A">A</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="shop">shop</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="built">built</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="year">year</span>.</p><p> 3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：<span word="has">has</span> / <span word="have">have</span> + <span word="been">been</span> + 及物动词的过去分词 <span word="This">This</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="translated">translated</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="languages">languages</span>.</p>
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