GMAT考试Testprep数学精解2
<p> <span word="If">If</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="eat">eat</span> <span word="nuts">nuts</span>， <span word="then">then</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="break">break</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="hives">hives</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="symbolized">symbolized</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="N">N</span>――<span word="H">H</span>.</p><p> <span word="Next">Next</span>， <span word="we">we</span> <span word="interpret">interpret</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="clause">clause</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="blemish">blemish</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="mean">mean</span> <span word="hives">hives</span>， <span word="which">which</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="symbolize">symbolize</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="H">H</span>. <span word="Substituting">Substituting</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="symbolssintosthe">symbolssintosthe</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="yields">yields</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="following">following</span> <span word="diagram">diagram</span>：</p><p> <span word="N">N</span>――<span word="H">H</span></p><p> <span word="H">H</span></p><p> <span word="Therefore">Therefore</span>， <span word="N">N</span></p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="diagram">diagram</span> <span word="clearly">clearly</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="structure">structure</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="g">g</span></p><p> <span word="iven">iven</span> <span word="argument">argument</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="answer">answer</span>， <span word="therefore">therefore</span>， <span word="is">is</span> 。</p><p> <span word="Denying">Denying</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Premise">Premise</span> <span word="Fallacy">Fallacy</span></p><p> <span word="A">A</span>――<span word="B">B</span></p><p> ~<span word="A">A</span></p><p> <span word="Therefore">Therefore</span>， ~<span word="B">B</span></p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="fallacy">fallacy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="denying">denying</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="premise">premise</span> <span word="occurs">occurs</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="if">if</span>-<span word="then">then</span> <span word="statement">statement</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="prese">prese</span></p><p> <span word="nted">nted</span>， <span word="its">its</span> <span word="premise">premise</span> <span word="denied">denied</span>， <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="conclusion">conclusion</span> <span word="wrongly">wrongly</span> <span word="negated">negated</span>.</p><p> <span word="Example">Example</span>：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="senator">senator</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="reelected">reelected</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="opposes">opposes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="tax">tax</span> <span word="bill">bill</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="wa">wa</span></p><p> <span word="s">s</span> <span word="defeated">defeated</span>. <span word="So">So</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="supported">supported</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="tax">tax</span> <span word="bill">bill</span>.</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="sentence">sentence</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="senator">senator</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="reelected">reelected</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="opposes">opposes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="tax">tax</span> <span word="b">b</span></p><p> <span word="ill">ill</span> <span word="contains">contains</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="embedded">embedded</span> <span word="if">if</span>-<span word="then">then</span> <span word="statement">statement</span>： <span word="If">If</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="senator">senator</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="reelected">reelected</span>， <span word="then">then</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="opposes">opposes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="tax">tax</span> <span word="bill">bill</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="symbolized">symbolized</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="R">R</span>――~<span word="T">T</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="sentence">sentence</span> <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="senator">senator</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="defeated">defeated</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="reworded">reworded</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="reelected">reelected</span>， <span word="which">which</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="symbolized">symbolized</span> <span word="as">as</span> ~<span word="R">R</span>. <span word="Finally">Finally</span>， <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sentence">sentence</span> <span word="He">He</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="supported">supported</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="tax">tax</span> <span word="bill">bill</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="symbolized">symbolized</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="T">T</span>. <span word="Using">Using</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="symbols">symbols</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="argument">argument</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="diagrammed">diagrammed</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="follows">follows</span>：</p>
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