GRE考试词汇:《类比关系总结》上
<p> 1. 个体与群体关系</p><p> 一个集合体的名词和一个表示个体的名词放在一起，由多个相同的个体可以组成一个集合体，如<span word="choir">choir</span>和<span word="singer">singer</span>，<span word="cast">cast</span>和<span word="actor">actor</span>，<span word="orchestra">orchestra</span>和<span word="instrumentalist">instrumentalist</span>，<span word="flock">flock</span>和<span word="birds">birds</span>，<span word="school">school</span>和<span word="fish">fish</span>，<span word="herd">herd</span>和<span word="cattle">cattle</span>，<span word="soldier">soldier</span>和<span word="army">army</span>，<span word="colony">colony</span>和<span word="bacterium">bacterium</span>，<span word="armada">armada</span>和<span word="vehicle">vehicle</span>，<span word="fusillade">fusillade</span>和<span word="projectiles">projectiles</span>，<span word="barrage">barrage</span>和<span word="explosives">explosives</span>，<span word="gravel">gravel</span>和<span word="pebble">pebble</span>，<span word="nation">nation</span>和<span word="citizen">citizen</span>。</p><p> 有时需考虑这个个体在组成团体时的规律性及团体自身的特点，如<span word="matrix">matrix</span>和<span word="number">number</span>只能对应<span word="crystal">crystal</span>和<span word="atom">atom</span>而不能对应<span word="gas">gas</span>和<span word="molecule">molecule</span>。因为矩阵<span word="matrix">matrix</span>是数按某种空间的规律组成的，而气体<span word="gas">gas</span>则由无规则的分子<span word="molecule">molecule</span>组成。再如<span word="tile">tile</span>组成<span word="mosaic">mosaic</span>，<span word="stitch">stitch</span>组成<span word="sampler">sampler</span>，还有<span word="array">array</span>和<span word="number">number</span>，<span word="formation">formation</span>和<span word="soldier">soldier</span>。</p><p> 另外，总体名词与表示个体的名词的复数形式构成同义关系。如<span word="people">people</span>和<span word="persons">persons</span>，<span word="staff">staff</span>和<span word="workers">workers</span>，<span word="faculty">faculty</span>和<span word="teachers">teachers</span>，<span word="portfolio">portfolio</span>和<span word="securities">securities</span>，<span word="dossier">dossier</span>和<span word="report">report</span>，<span word="clientele">clientele</span>和<span word="customers">customers</span>。</p><p> 2. 种属关系</p><p> 有时只有一个选项具备种属关系，非常简单，但有时会有几个具备种属关系的选项，这时需考虑这个具体名词的特点、性质等的上下的对应。如<span word="limousine">limousine</span>和<span word="automobile">automobile</span>只能对应<span word="mansion">mansion</span>和<span word="residence">residence</span>而不能对应<span word="tuxedo">tuxedo</span>和<span word="wardrobe">wardrobe</span>，因<span word="tuxedo">tuxedo</span>是一种普通的衣服。<span word="tornado">tornado</span>，<span word="hurricane">hurricane</span>，<span word="typhoon">typhoon</span>均属于<span word="cyclone">cyclone</span>。</p><p> 其它常见种属关系如<span word="turquoise">turquoise</span>和<span word="gem">gem</span>，<span word="snow">snow</span>和<span word="precipitation">precipitation</span>，<span word="violet">violet</span>和<span word="flower">flower</span>，<span word="compendium">compendium</span>和<span word="summary">summary</span>，<span word="anthology">anthology</span>和<span word="collection">collection</span>，<span word="cacophony">cacophony</span>和<span word="sound">sound</span>，<span word="lampoon">lampoon</span>和<span word="satire">satire</span>，<span word="sonnet">sonnet</span>和<span word="poem">poem</span>，<span word="royalty">royalty</span>和<span word="payment">payment</span>，<span word="tango">tango</span>和<span word="dance">dance</span>，<span word="bowl">bowl</span>和<span word="receptacle">receptacle</span>，<span word="glare">glare</span>和<span word="light">light</span>，<span word="granite">granite</span>和<span word="rock">rock</span>，<span word="magazine">magazine</span>和<span word="periodical">periodical</span>，<span word="gust">gust</span>和<span word="wind">wind</span>，<span word="cloudburst">cloudburst</span>和<span word="rainfall">rainfall</span>，<span word="mimicry">mimicry</span>和<span word="camouflage">camouflage</span>，<span word="mutation">mutation</span>和<span word="variation">variation</span>，<span word="enzyme">enzyme</span>和<span word="catalyst">catalyst</span>，<span word="bacterium">bacterium</span>和<span word="microbe">microbe</span>，<span word="ostrich">ostrich</span>和<span word="bird">bird</span>，<span word="tiger">tiger</span>和<span word="cat">cat</span>，<span word="suitcase">suitcase</span>和<span word="luggage">luggage</span>，<span word="hat">hat</span>和<span word="millinery">millinery</span>。</p>
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