职称英语考试阅读综合辅导第十六讲
<p> 倒装： 英语的一般语序为：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 。有时为了语法上或修辞上的需要而改变这种语序，如将谓语动词放到主语的前面，就称为倒装。因语法需要的倒装称为语法倒装，例如英语中的疑问句多采用倒装形式，如<span word="Are">Are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="engineer">engineer</span>? 因修辞需要，如为了强调、句子结构均衡或承上启下等目的倒装，称为修辞性倒装，例如<span word="On">On</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hill">hill</span> <span word="stands">stands</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pretty">pretty</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="house">house</span>. 。 就应试而言，以下倒装现象应给予特别注意： 1) <span word="not">not</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="until">until</span>, <span word="never">never</span>, <span word="no">no</span>, <span word="no">no</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span>, <span word="seldom">seldom</span>, <span word="hardly">hardly</span>, <span word="scarcely">scarcely</span>, <span word="little">little</span>, <span word="few">few</span> 等 否定词开头的句子，比较： 例1 正常语序：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="forget">forget</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="days">days</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="college">college</span>. 倒装语序：<span word="Never">Never</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="forget">forget</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="days">days</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="college">college</span>. 例2 正常语序：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="recently">recently</span>. 倒装语序：<span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="recently">recently</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="is">is</span>. 以上两个句子采用倒装语序的主要目的是为了强调。 在这一节中，要特别注意以下三个倒装句型： <span word="not">not</span> <span word="until">until</span> ，见以上例2 <span word="no">no</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span> <span word="than">than</span>， 例如： <span word="No">No</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="poem">poem</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="questions">questions</span>. <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="when">when</span> ，与 <span word="no">no</span> <span word="sooner">sooner</span><span word="than">than</span>句型的意思和用法相同，就是不要把搭配搞错了，既： <span word="Hardly">Hardly</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="reading">reading</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="poem">poem</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="questions">questions</span>. 2)介词 + <span word="no">no</span>否定词开头的句子, 比较： 正常语序：<span word="I">I</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="interests">interests</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="circumstances">circumstances</span>. 倒装语序：<span word="Under">Under</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="circumstances">circumstances</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="interests">interests</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span>. 3) <span word="only">only</span>, <span word="so">so</span>/<span word="such">such</span> ，<span word="often">often</span> 等词开头的句子，比较： 4) 正常语序：<span word="We">We</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="way">way</span>. 倒装语序：<span word="Only">Only</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="language">language</span> <span word="well">well</span>. 正常语序：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="stain">stain</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 倒装语序：<span word="So">So</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="stain">stain</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="hardly">hardly</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 从以上的举例可以归纳出： 如果以上的词本来就是修饰或说明主语的，不存在倒装问题，例如： <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="accept">accept</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="origin">origin</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Universe">Universe</span>. 怎么倒装?采用一般疑问句的倒装规则。 应试思路： 倒装句一般都比较长，表达的意思相对比较复杂，这给英语基础比较差的考生带来理解上的一定困难。为了提高应试效率，要牢牢把握好以下应试思路： 见到<span word="not">not</span>等否定词，或<span word="only">only</span>, <span word="so">so</span>, <span word="often">often</span>, 或介词 + <span word="no">no</span>开头的句子，首先要考虑是否倒装; 看看答案中哪个采用了倒装形式; 如果答案中有几个倒装形式，比较一下时态、语态或其他细微差别。 例如： <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="snowmobile">snowmobile</span> ______ <span word="as">as</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="latest">latest</span> <span word="entry">entry</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="terrain">terrain</span> <span word="vehicle">vehicle</span>. <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="did">did</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sport">sport</span> <span word="vehicle">vehicle</span> <span word="catch">catch</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="publics">publics</span> <span word="fancy">fancy</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sport">sport</span> <span word="vehicle">vehicle</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="caught">caught</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="publics">publics</span> <span word="fancy">fancy</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sport">sport</span> <span word="vehicle">vehicle</span> <span word="caught">caught</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="publics">publics</span> <span word="fancy">fancy</span> <span word="D">D</span>.<span word="will">will</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sport">sport</span> <span word="vehicle">vehicle</span> <span word="catch">catch</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="publics">publics</span> <span word="fancy">fancy</span> 要正确翻译这个句子并不是件容易的事，但并不影响解题： 首先，这是个<span word="not">not</span>开头的句子，需要倒装; 第二，在<span word="A">A</span>、<span word="A">A</span>、<span word="C">C</span>、<span word="D">D</span>四个答案中，<span word="B">B</span>是唯一不倒装的，肯定不对; 第三，尽管<span word="A">A</span>、<span word="C">C</span>、<span word="D">D</span>都是倒装形式，但由于是<span word="not">not</span> <span word="since">since</span>，要用现在完成时，故正确答案是<span word="C">C</span>. 从以上例子可以看出，就语法考试而言，牢记基本规则，把握正确解题思路有时比多认识几个英语单词更重要。 其他需注意的倒装现象： 4) <span word="here">here</span>, <span word="there">there</span>, <span word="back">back</span>, <span word="down">down</span>, <span word="off">off</span>, <span word="in">in</span>, <span word="up">up</span>等表示地点状语的词开头的句子，例如： <span word="Here">Here</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="taxi">taxi</span>! <span word="There">There</span> <span word="goes">goes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="bus">bus</span>! <span word="Down">Down</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rain">rain</span>. 但是：主语是代词时不倒装，例如： <span word="Here">Here</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="comes">comes</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="goes">goes</span>. 5) 主语 + <span word="live">live</span>, <span word="stand">stand</span>, <span word="lie">lie</span>, <span word="sit">sit</span> 等动词 + 地点状语 的结构中常采用倒装语序，例如： 正常语序：<span word="An">An</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="temple">temple</span> <span word="stands">stands</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hill">hill</span>. 倒装语序：<span word="At">At</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hill">hill</span> <span word="stands">stands</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="temple">temple</span>. 同样，如果主语是代词，也不能倒装，例如： <span word="It">It</span> <span word="stands">stands</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hill">hill</span>. 6) <span word="although">although</span> 让步从句用<span word="as">as</span>或 <span word="though">though</span>代替时，例如： 正常语序：<span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="young">young</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="expert">expert</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="technology">technology</span>. 倒装语序：<span word="Young">Young</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="expert">expert</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="technology">technology</span>. 4)、5)、6)类倒装只是简单的语序调整。</p>
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