否定转移在英语中的应用
<p> 有这样一个句子<span word="I">I</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span>.大家对这个句子有不同的翻译：</p><p> 1. 我不认为他是个好医生。2. 我认为他不是个好医生。哪个正确呢?2是正确的。那么1的错误在哪儿呢?这就是否定转移在作怪。这一语法现象在英语中特别常见，它是将语义上属于从句（一般为<span word="that">that</span> <span word="clause">clause</span>）的否定词转移到主句中去。允许否定转移的主句动词在语义上可分为两类：</p><p> 一、表示看法的动词：<span word="be">be</span> <span word="supposed">supposed</span> <span word="to">to</span>, <span word="believe">believe</span>, <span word="expect">expect</span>, <span word="imagine">imagine</span>, <span word="suppose">suppose</span>, <span word="think">think</span>等。如：</p><p> 1. <span word="I">I</span> ____ <span word="I">I</span>_____ <span word="you">you</span> <span word="before">before</span>.</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="think">think</span>; <span word="havent">havent</span> <span word="seen">seen</span></p><p> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="think">think</span>; <span word="have">have</span> <span word="seen">seen</span></p><p> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="think">think</span>; <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="see">see</span></p><p> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="thought">thought</span>; <span word="not">not</span> <span word="see">see</span></p><p> 2. <span word="She">She</span> _____ <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> ____ <span word="anything">anything</span>.</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="didnt">didnt</span> <span word="imagine">imagine</span>；<span word="would">would</span> <span word="say">say</span></p><p> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="imagine">imagine</span>; <span word="say">say</span></p><p> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="doesnt">doesnt</span> <span word="imagine">imagine</span>; <span word="would">would</span> <span word="say">say</span></p><p> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="would">would</span> <span word="imagine">imagine</span>; <span word="would">would</span> <span word="say">say</span>（<span word="Keys">Keys</span>: 1. <span word="B">B</span> 2. <span word="A">A</span>）</p><p> 二、表示感觉的动词：<span word="appear">appear</span>, <span word="seem">seem</span>, <span word="look">look</span> <span word="like">like</span>, <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>, <span word="look">look</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>, <span word="sound">sound</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>等。如：</p><p> 1. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="baby">baby</span> ____ <span word="appear">appear</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="awake">awake</span>.</p><p> <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="didnt">didnt</span></p><p> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="doesnt">doesnt</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="could">could</span></p><p> 2. <span word="It">It</span> ______（看起来） <span word="like">like</span> ______（天不会）<span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rain">rain</span>.</p><p> （<span word="Keys">Keys</span>: 1. <span word="C">C</span> 2. <span word="doesnt">doesnt</span> <span word="look">look</span>；<span word="its">its</span>）</p>
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