相似词语辨析【104】 by，beside
<p> <span word="My">My</span> <span word="friend">friend</span> <span word="stands">stands</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="me">me</span>．</p><p> <span word="My">My</span> <span word="friend">friend</span> <span word="stands">stands</span> <span word="beside">beside</span> <span word="me">me</span>．</p><p> 乍然看来，这两个句子都是表示我的朋友站在我身旁之意，其实不然。</p><p> 短语<span word="to">to</span> <span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="someone">someone</span>的意思是支持某人（<span word="to">to</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="someone">someone</span>）；<span word="to">to</span> <span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="beside">beside</span> <span word="someone">someone</span>才是立于某人之旁（<span word="to">to</span> <span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="side">side</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="someone">someone</span>）。因此，上面的第一句应译作：我的朋友支持我；第二句译作：我的友人站在我的身旁。</p><p> 下面再请看两个类例：</p><p> <span word="If">If</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="try">try</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="resign">resign</span>，<span word="well">well</span> <span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="you">you</span>．</p><p> 如果他们要你辞职，我们会支持你的。</p><p> <span word="We">We</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="beside">beside</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="president">president</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="newsreel">newsreel</span>．</p><p> 我们在资讯片里看见你站在总裁的身旁。</p><p> 如果<span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="by">by</span>之后的宾语不是人，而是没有生命的事物，<span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="by">by</span>就不作支持解，而是在之旁之意。如：</p><p> <span word="Their">Their</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="stands">stands</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="forest">forest</span>．</p><p> 他们的房子在森林的旁边。</p><p> 除此之外，<span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="by">by</span>还可以表示袖手旁观之意。例如：</p><p> <span word="How">How</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="watch">watch</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="allies">allies</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="attacked">attacked</span>？</p><p> 当你们的盟友受到攻击之时，你们又怎能袖手旁观呢？</p><p> 在英语里，与此类似的句子甚多，现举数例，以见一斑：</p>
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