英语讲义【87】动词形态的误用
<p> 前此，谈到动词形态和被动语态的关系，并且指出动词过去分词的重要，以及它是许多错误之源。</p><p> 除此之外，其他类型的错误，也屡见不鲜，包括下列四种：</p><p> ㈠不定式动词（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="infinitive">infinitive</span>），如：</p><p> ① <span word="An">An</span> <span word="applicant">applicant</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="rejected">rejected</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="personnel">personnel</span> <span word="manager">manager</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="rang">rang</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="news">news</span> <span word="promised">promised</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="looked">looked</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="elsewhere">elsewhere</span>.</p><p> 凡在<span word="HELP">HELP</span>+宾语后面出现的一定是不定式动词，可以带<span word="to">to</span> ，也可以不带<span word="to">to</span>，但是绝对不可以是其他形式的动词，因此 <span word="looked">looked</span>要改为<span word="look">look</span>或<span word="to">to</span> <span word="look">look</span>。</p><p> 另一个和<span word="MAKE">MAKE</span>有关的句型，也常有形态问题，如：</p><p> ② <span word="The">The</span> <span word="sight">sight</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="horrible">horrible</span> <span word="animal">animal</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="ran">ran</span> <span word="cold">cold</span>.</p><p> ③ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="distance">distance</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="Singapore">Singapore</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="Singapores">Singapores</span> <span word="businessmen">businessmen</span> <span word="considering">considering</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="nearer">nearer</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="invest">invest</span>.</p><p> ②里的<span word="ran">ran</span>和③里的<span word="considering">considering</span>都是动词形态之误，要分别改成<span word="run">run</span>和<span word="consider">consider</span>才对。</p><p> 要注意的是<span word="HELP">HELP</span>后头的不定式动词可以有<span word="to">to</span>或不带<span word="to">to</span>，但<span word="MAKE">MAKE</span>后面的不定式动词绝对不可有<span word="to">to</span>。</p><p> ㈡过去分词（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="participle">participle</span>），如</p><p> ④ <span word="Like">Like</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="teaching">teaching</span> <span word="methods">methods</span>, <span word="group">group</span> <span word="discussion">discussion</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="assist">assist</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="solving">solving</span> <span word="recognising">recognising</span> <span word="problems">problems</span>.</p><p> 在英语里，过去分词和现在分词都可以转化为名词修饰语。前者表示被动及完成的活动；后者则表示主动及未完成的动作。④里的名词<span word="problems">problems</span>是已经认同的，因此现在分词<span word="recognising">recognising</span>要改为过去分词<span word="recognised">recognised</span>才合理。</p>
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