英语讲义【107】寻常时态的不寻常用法
<p> 一般人对英语里基本时态的意义和用法都没有什么问题，但是未必每个人都对某些寻常时态的特殊用法有足够的体会。</p><p> 请看下面这三种情形：</p><p> Ⅰ 现在简单时态</p><p> ⒈现在简单时态可以用来表示未来的动作或活动，但这活动必须事先已有计划，如： </p><p> ● <span word="The">The</span> <span word="plane">plane</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Hawaii">Hawaii</span> <span word="leaves">leaves</span> <span word="at">at</span> 10 <span word="tonight">tonight</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="The">The</span> <span word="British">British</span> <span word="Prime">Prime</span> <span word="Minister">Minister</span> <span word="arrives">arrives</span> <span word="at">at</span> 8 <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>.</p><p> 这样的不寻常时态里的动词通常只限于来和往之类的活动，不是任何动词都适用。</p><p> ⒉现在简单时态也可用来取代时间副词分句（<span word="adverb">adverb</span> <span word="clauses">clauses</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="time">time</span>）或条件副词分句（<span word="adverb">adverb</span> <span word="clauses">clauses</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="condition">condition</span>）中的现在未来时态，如： </p><p> ● <span word="Lets">Lets</span> <span word="wait">wait</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="guests">guests</span> <span word="come">come</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="If">If</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="rains">rains</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="cant">cant</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="fishing">fishing</span>.</p><p> 理论上可以说<span word="until">until</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="guests">guests</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="come">come</span>和<span word="if">if</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="rain">rain</span> <span word="tomorrow">tomorrow</span>，但实际句子里，并不如此。</p><p> ⒊现在简单时态有时可以用来代替现在过去时态，使所叙述的事物更现实、更灵活，如： </p><p> ● <span word="Alexander">Alexander</span> <span word="Pope">Pope</span> <span word="says">says</span>, <span word="A">A</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dangerous">dangerous</span> <span word="thing">thing</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="proverb">proverb</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="it">it</span>, <span word="God">God</span> <span word="helps">helps</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span>.</p><p> 只有在特殊情况下，才用这种时态；否则，过去的事， 只好用过去时态，比较妥当。</p>
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