英语讲义【99】动词时态要一致
<p> <span word="To">To</span> <span word="arrange">arrange</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="appointment">appointment</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="us">us</span>, <span word="please">please</span> <span word="complete">complete</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reply">reply</span> <span word="slip">slip</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sent">sent</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="us">us</span>.</p><p> 上面这句话很好，很客气，但是第二分句的动词<span word="sent">sent</span>的时态不对，应该改为<span word="send">send</span>，从过去简单时态变成现在简单时态，使两个等立分句中的动词时态一致。</p><p> 在语法上，这叫做时态的一致（<span word="sequence">sequence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="tenses">tenses</span>）。下面是几个指导原则：</p><p> Ⅰ 主句（<span word="main">main</span> <span word="clause">clause</span>）里的动词是过去时态的话，名词从句（<span word="noun">noun</span> <span word="clause">clause</span>）或副词从句（<span word="adverb">adverb</span> <span word="clause">clause</span>）里的动词也要以过去式出现，如： </p><p> ● <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="said">said</span>/ <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="busy">busy</span> <span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="Janet">Janet</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="know">know</span>/ <span word="why">why</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="job">job</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="Lily">Lily</span> <span word="failed">failed</span>/ <span word="because">because</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="submit">submit</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="project">project</span> <span word="report">report</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="None">None</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="you">you</span>/ <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="continued">continued</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="lazy">lazy</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="David">David</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="unwell">unwell</span>,/ <span word="he">he</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="office">office</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="usual">usual</span>.</p><p> 这原则有两个例外，即：</p><p> （<span word="i">i</span>）当名词从句表达一种真理或既成事实时，其动词时态是现在式，如： </p><p> ● <span word="Newton">Newton</span> <span word="discovered">discovered</span>/ <span word="that">that</span> <span word="gravitation">gravitation</span> <span word="causes">causes</span> <span word="apples">apples</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="fall">fall</span>.</p><p> ● <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="elders">elders</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="us">us</span>/ <span word="that">that</span> <span word="experience">experience</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>.</p><p> （<span word="ii">ii</span>）比较性的副词从句里的动词时态有伸缩性，视情况而定，不一定非过去式不可，如： </p>
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