英语讲义【47】合成名词
<p> 在英语合成词中，合成名词（<span word="compound">compound</span> <span word="nouns">nouns</span>）数量很多，而且可以按照既定规律自行构造新词。</p><p> 合成名词构造法主要有下列八种：</p><p> ①名词+名词，如</p><p> <span word="daybreak">daybreak</span>, <span word="sunrise">sunrise</span>, <span word="cattleshed">cattleshed</span>, <span word="house">house</span>-<span word="keeper">keeper</span>, <span word="shoe">shoe</span>-<span word="maker">maker</span>, <span word="headache">headache</span>, <span word="night">night</span>-<span word="club">club</span>, <span word="pocket">pocket</span>-<span word="knife">knife</span>, <span word="arm">arm</span>-<span word="chair">chair</span>, <span word="wine">wine</span>-<span word="glass">glass</span>, <span word="ink">ink</span>-<span word="stand">stand</span>, <span word="man">man</span>-<span word="servant">servant</span>, <span word="maid">maid</span>-<span word="servant">servant</span>, <span word="steamboat">steamboat</span>, <span word="goldsmith">goldsmith</span>, <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span>, <span word="lawsuit">lawsuit</span>等。</p><p> ②形容词+名词，如</p><p> <span word="blackboard">blackboard</span>, <span word="commonweath">commonweath</span>, <span word="highway">highway</span>, <span word="stronghold">stronghold</span>, <span word="sweetheart">sweetheart</span>, <span word="easy">easy</span>-<span word="chair">chair</span>, <span word="grandson">grandson</span>, <span word="blueprint">blueprint</span>, <span word="deadline">deadline</span>, <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="brow">brow</span>, <span word="lazy">lazy</span>-<span word="bones">bones</span>等。</p><p> ③动词+名词，如</p><p> <span word="drawbridge">drawbridge</span>, <span word="grindstone">grindstone</span>, <span word="playground">playground</span>, <span word="pickpocket">pickpocket</span>, <span word="breakfast">breakfast</span>, <span word="cut">cut</span>-<span word="throat">throat</span>, <span word="makeshift">makeshift</span>, <span word="sing">sing</span>-<span word="song">song</span>, <span word="turn">turn</span>-<span word="coat">coat</span>, <span word="washbasin">washbasin</span> 等。</p><p> ④副词虚词+名词，如</p><p> <span word="afterthought">afterthought</span>, <span word="offshoot">offshoot</span>, <span word="outbreak">outbreak</span>, <span word="byway">byway</span>, <span word="bylaw">bylaw</span>, <span word="outpost">outpost</span>, <span word="overcoat">overcoat</span>, <span word="underclothes">underclothes</span>, <span word="outgrowth">outgrowth</span>, <span word="downpour">downpour</span>, <span word="upkeep">upkeep</span>, <span word="bystander">bystander</span>等。</p><p> ⑤副词虚词+动词，如</p><p> <span word="income">income</span>, <span word="outlet">outlet</span>, <span word="outlook">outlook</span>, <span word="onset">onset</span>, <span word="outfit">outfit</span>, <span word="upstart">upstart</span>, <span word="inlet">inlet</span>, <span word="offspring">offspring</span>, <span word="outburst">outburst</span>, <span word="offset">offset</span>等。</p><p> ⑥动词+副词，如</p><p> <span word="die">die</span>-<span word="hard">hard</span>, <span word="breakdown">breakdown</span>, <span word="drawback">drawback</span>, <span word="set">set</span>-<span word="up">up</span>, <span word="break">break</span>-<span word="up">up</span>, <span word="farewell">farewell</span>, <span word="standstill">standstill</span>, <span word="feedback">feedback</span>等。</p><p> ⑦名词+动名词，如</p><p> <span word="book">book</span>-<span word="keeping">keeping</span>, <span word="town">town</span>-<span word="planning">planning</span>, <span word="letter">letter</span>-<span word="writing">writing</span>, <span word="word">word</span>-<span word="building">building</span>, <span word="tiger">tiger</span>-<span word="hunting">hunting</span>, <span word="paper">paper</span>-<span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span>, <span word="bill">bill</span>-<span word="collecting">collecting</span>, <span word="car">car</span>-<span word="repairing">repairing</span>, <span word="television">television</span>-<span word="advertising">advertising</span>, <span word="window">window</span>-<span word="shopping">shopping</span>, <span word="day">day</span>-<span word="dreaming">dreaming</span>, <span word="photocopying">photocopying</span>, <span word="handwriting">handwriting</span>等。</p>
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